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The overlap between bullying and victimization in adolescent residential care: are bully/victims a special category?
- Authors:
- SEKOL Ivana, FARRINGTON David P.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), December 2010, pp.1758-1769.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Children who are both bullies and victims are considered to be an important proportion of the victim group and have been referred to as provocative or aggressive victims. This research examined whether bully/victims in adolescent residential care are qualitatively different from pure bullies and pure victims. A total of 601 male and female young people aged 11–21 from 22 residential institutions in Croatia completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire measuring bullying as well as the Basic Empathy Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Big Five Personality Inventory. Based on the bullying questionnaire, the residents were classified as pure bullies, pure victims, bully/victims and those not involved in bullying/victimisation. Bully/victims were compared to pure bullies and pure victims on a number of background and personality variables. The differences found were in degree rather than in kind. Bully/victims did not differ from both pure bullies and pure victims on any of the measures nor did they differ from pure bullies and pure victims in the way they bully or in the way they are victimised. Above those that could be expected by chance, there were no independent predictors that were unique to bully/victims nor were there strong interaction effects between bully and victim statuses. The results are discussed with reference to the existing prison and school-based literature about bully/victims and a number of research and policy recommendations are provided.
Exposure of children to sexual content on the Internet in Croatia
- Authors:
- FLANDER Gordana Buljan, COSIC Ivana, PROFACA Bruna
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 33(12), December 2009, pp.849-856.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The aim of this research was to determine the incidence of exposure of children and young people to sexual content and material on the Internet and to identify the ways in which they are exposed to such content, including the kind of comments and questions they are exposed to in chat sessions, relative to their age and gender. In the study, 2,880 children and young people from 19 schools in Croatia aged 10 - 16, who identified themselves as Internet users, completed questionnaires about their experience with computer use and the Internet, content encountered, and their reactions. The results showed that 27% of the children were exposed to messages of sexual content, mostly containing images of human nudity and sexual activity and with the greatest number of exposures occurring while children and young people were surfing the Internet, 28% of the children were asked about intimate details during chat sessions, with girls reporting significantly more exposure than boys, and almost half of the boys and one third of the girls had not confided to anyone their experience of receiving messages with sexual content, with 27% of participants reporting disturbing feelings, including trepidation, shame and fear, upon receiving messages with sexual content.
The long-term effects of war experiences on children's depression in the Republic of Croatia
- Author:
- BRAJSA-ZGANEC Andreja
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 29(1), January 2005, pp.31-43.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The sample consisted of 583 children ages 12 to 15 years; 283 children were displaced from different parts of Croatia for a period of approximately three and a half years. The following instruments were administered: Questionnaire on Children's Stressful and Traumatic War Experiences, Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Regression analyses showed that more war experiences were related to more depressive symptoms for boys only. The greater extent of perceived available social support for boys (instrumental support, support to self-esteem, belonging and acceptance) related to fewer depressive symptoms. For girls, perceived instrumental support and self-esteem were related to fewer depressive symptoms. Predictors in the boys’ sample accounted for 35% of the variance in the results on the depression scale, and 27% in the girls’ sample. The authors conclude that boys suffer more from the long-term effects of war than girls. In situations where children cannot be shielded from stressful events, such as war, a greater level of perceived social support is related to fewer depressive symptoms both for boys and girls in early adolescence.