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Caregiver instability and early life changes among infants reported to the child welfare system
- Authors:
- CASANUEVA Cecilia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(3), 2014, pp.498-509.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study describes the extent of caregiver instability (defined as a new placement for 1 week or longer in a different household and/or with a new caregiver) in a nationally representative sample of infants, followed for 5–7 years. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), a longitudinal study of 5,501 children investigated for child maltreatment. The analysis sample was restricted to 1,196 infants. Overall, 85.6% of children who were infants at the time of the index maltreatment experienced at least one caregiver instability event during their first 2 years of life. Caregiver instability was associated with the child having a chronic health condition and the caregiver being older than 40 years of age at baseline. The levels of instability reported in this study from infancy to school entry are extremely high. Children with more risk factors were significantly more likely to experience caregiver instability than children with fewer risk factors. The repeated loss of a young child's primary caregiver or unavailable, neglectful care can be experienced as traumatic. Some evidence-based programmes that are designed to work with young maltreated children can make a substantial positive difference in the lives of vulnerable infants. (Edited publisher abstract)
Lost in transition: illicit substance use and services receipt among at-risk youth in the child welfare system
- Authors:
- CASANUEVA Cecilia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), October 2011, pp.1939-1949.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Adolescents who are in contact with the child welfare system (CWS) are at high risk for substance use problems. This study examined the use of mental health and substance abuse services among adolescents in the CWS who reported use of illicit substances. Data was taken from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) for 1004 adolescents aged 11–15 years at baseline followed for 5–7 years over 5 waves of data collection. At baseline, at the time of contact with the CWS, 69.1% of youths using illicit substances received mental health or substance abuse outpatient specialty services. By the last follow-up, during the transition to adulthood, only 21.5% of young adults using illicit substances received outpatient specialty services. At follow-up, there was no significant difference in specialty services receipt for illicit substances users versus non-users. Predictors of outpatient service use at most waves were: having Medicaid; mental health needs; and having recently seen a school counsellor or primary care physician. African American youths were less likely to receive outpatient specialty services than White youths. These findings reveal a need for more attention to illicit substances use among youth in the CWS.
Repeated reports for child maltreatment among intimate partner violence victims: findings from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being
- Authors:
- CASANUEVA Cecilia, MARTIN Sandra L., RUNYAN Desmond K.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 33(2), February 2009, pp.84-93.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study set out to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (defined as any physical violence during the last 12 months or previously) among mothers who maltreat their children, and to examine whether mothers' experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) are associated with repeated reports (rereports) of children to Child Protective Services (CPS) during the following 18 months. Data for the analyses were from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), a national probability study of children investigated for child maltreatment. The sample of 5,501 children (ages 0-14) was randomly selected from the families who entered the US child welfare system between October 1999 and December 2000. The analysis sample was restricted to 1,236 families in which caregivers were: (1) the alleged perpetrators of the child maltreatment at baseline (independently of substantiation status) and (2) the biological mothers (n=1,212 or 98.6%), adoptive mothers (n=17 or 1%), or stepmothers (n=7 or 0.3%) of children not placed in out-of-home care. Results showed that children of mothers physically abused by an intimate partner during the last 12 months or previously at the intake interview (44%) were twice as likely as children of mothers who had not experienced such violence to be rereported to CPS. Rereports occurred almost twice as quickly for children of mothers who experienced IPV compared to children of mothers who had not experienced IPV. The authors conclude that the higher risk and speedier rereports of child maltreatment associated with intimate partner violence highlights the need for universal assessment and provision of services for IPV among families that are investigated by CPS.
Parenting services for mothers involved with child protective services: do they change maternal parenting and spanking behaviors with young children?
- Authors:
- CASANUEVA Cecilia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 30(8), August 2008, pp.861-878.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Using a nationally representative sample of families investigated by Child Protection Services, the authors assessed whether parenting training was related to changes in parenting practices 18 months after training, controlling for maternal, child, and family characteristics. Mothers who received parenting services were compared with mothers who did not receive services even though they had a similar need for services as determined by Propensity Score Matching. This study found some modest benefits in maternal responsiveness and total parenting scores for mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children when these mothers received parenting services, as compared with mothers that did not receive parenting services. However, these findings could not be confirmed with multivariate analysis. These results parallel previous findings that parent training obtained through the Child Welfare System lacks the requisite features to significantly change parenting practices, and they highlight the need for cohesive, national, evidence-based effective parenting training for families involved with CPS.
Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for children's use of the emergency room and injuries
- Authors:
- CASANUEVA Cecilia, FOSHEE Vangie A., BARTH Richard P.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 27(11), November 2005, pp.1223-1242.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This American study examined the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and children's use of the emergency room (ER) for an illness or injury, and care of the child by a doctor or nurse for a serious injury, accident or poisoning. The authors hypothesized that a mother's mental health (depression, alcohol abuse and drug abuse) and a child's lack of supervision would mediate these associations. Data were from the National Survey of Children and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), a national probability study of children investigated for abuse and neglect. The analysis was limited to 2,929 female caregivers who were the biological, adoptive, or stepmothers of the children. Exposure of the mother to current severe intimate partner violence was positively associated with children's use of the ER. There was no association between maternal current or past exposure to IPV and children's injuries. Current moderate IPV, current severe IPV and past severe IPV were significantly and positively associated with maternal depression. Maternal depression was not associated with child's lack of supervision. However, maternal alcohol abuse and drug abuse were positively associated with child's lack of supervision. The relationship between IPV and children's use of the ER was mediated by maternal depression. Maternal depression and lack of supervision of the children were positively associated with children's injuries. Identification of maternal IPV and depression during children's ER visits can help guide services to prevent future use of the ER and injuries to children.