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Inclusion/exclusion criteria in late life depression antidepressant efficacy trials
- Authors:
- ZIMMERMAN Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(9), 2017, pp.1009-1016.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: The generalisability of antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) has been questioned. No studies have examined the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in placebo-controlled studies of late life depression and compared them to the criteria used in non-late life AETs. Method: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of placebo-controlled AETs published from January, 1995 through December, 2014. They compared the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the 18 studies of late life depression to those used in non-late life depression. Results: There were nine inclusion/exclusion criteria that were used in more than half of the late life depression AETs: minimum severity on a symptom severity scale (100.0%), significant suicidal ideation (77.8%), psychotic features during the current episode of depression or history of a psychotic disorder (94.4%), history of bipolar disorder (77.8%), diagnosis of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence (83.3%), presence of a comorbid nondepressive, nonsubstance use Axis I disorder (55.6%), episode duration too short (66.7%), and an insufficient score on a cognitive screen (88.3%) or the presence of a cognitive disorder (55.6%). There were some differences between the late life and non-late life depression studies—use of a screening measure of cognitive functioning, presence of a cognitive disorder such as dementia, and the minimum depression severity cutoff score required at baseline. Conclusions: The inclusion/exclusion criteria in AETs of late life depression were generally similar to the criteria used in non-late life depression (Edited publisher abstract)
The impact of subjective and expressed anger on the functioning of psychiatric outpatients with post-traumatic stress disorder
- Authors:
- FRANKLIN C. Laurel, POSTERNAK Michael A., ZIMMERMAN Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(12), December 2002, pp.1263-1273.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Research has shown that anger may be related to the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigates the impact of anger on patients with PTSD in a general psychiatric population. Participants diagnosed with PTSD were grouped according to current levels of subjective and inappropriately expressed anger: low subjective and expressed anger; elevated subjective anger and low expressed anger; low subjective anger and elevated expressed anger; and elevated subjective and expressed anger. It was hypothesized that participants reporting elevated levels of subjective anger coupled with recent overt expression would be more impaired and distressed than individuals with PTSD in the other anger groups, after comorbid diagnoses were controlled. The elevated subjective and expressed anger group was more impaired/distressed on global measures and their elevated anger affected some measures of behavioral functioning.
Clinical features of survivors of sexual abuse with major depression
- Authors:
- ZLOTNICK Caron, MATTIA Jill, ZIMMERMAN Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(3), March 2001, pp.323-333.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This American study examines the differences in rates of trauma-related disorders between patients with histories of childhood sexual abuse and those without such histories in a sample of depressed outpatients. Also aims to determine whether childhood sexual abuse is associated with recent suicidal attempts, affect dysregulation and duration of index depressive episode, independent of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Patients with sexual abuse compared to those without sexual abuse histories had higher rates of comorbity, primarily borderline personality disorder and/or posttraumatic stress disorder. The findings suggest that patients with histories of sexual abuse represent a subgroup of depressed patients who are at especially high risk for psychiatric morbidity and prolonged episode of depression.