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Change in reciprocity as a predictor of depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study of Finnish women and men
- Authors:
- VAANANEN Ari, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 67(11), December 2008, pp.1907-1916.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in the association between changes in the balance of give and take in close relationships and depressive symptoms. Data from a 5-year prospective cohort study in Finland (HeSSup Study) (N = 18,445) were analyzed. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, recent negative life events, baseline depressive symptoms, hostility, and the supportiveness of social network, a shift of balance toward support receiving was a significant risk factor for future depressive symptoms among women. In contrast, men whose balance of give and take had moved toward support giving had a higher risk of future depressive symptoms than other men. When the analyses were replicated in a sub-cohort of initially non-depressed participants who lived in reciprocal relationships and had no recent life events, the results became even more pronounced among women, although not among men. It is concluded that, for women, a shift in their close relationships toward support receiving may lead to increased risk of depressive symptoms, whereas for men a shift toward giving may have a parallel though less evident impact.
The pressure of objectives and reality: social workers’ perceptions of their occupational complexities in a trade journal in 1958–1999
- Authors:
- TURTIAINEN Jussi, VAANANEN Ari, VARJE Pekka
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 17(6), 2018, pp.849-864.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article studies social workers’ occupational discussions on the complexities of their work in a Finnish social workers’ trade union journal in 1958–1999. The journal illustrates the flip side of social work; the quest for professionalization, the struggle for fair pay, and social workers’ perceptions of their occupational status and job dissatisfaction. The authors traced the significant turning points in their difficulties and challenges at work and identified the junctures at which the major occupational difficulties came to the surface, transformed and received an established position in the professional mindset. The four junctures identified are: the making of the profession (1958–1968), the politicization of social work and working conditions (1974–1981), a heightened awareness of work pressures (1982–1990), and the social work crisis (1991–1999). The authors' analysis leads to the conclusion that job complexities at work were related to the transformations in welfare policy and ideology. The historical periodization of the occupational complexities indicates that social workers collectively reasserted the profession of social work and its institutional boundaries into a broader rubric of the demands brought about by changing society and the development of the Nordic welfare state. (Edited publisher abstract)