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Spirituality: a road to mental health or mental illness
- Author:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work, 28(1-2), January 2009, pp.84-98.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The last twenty five years have seen a more hopeful outlook replace the once pessimistic assessment of the life chances of those facing serious and persistent mental health problems. Current reports by mental health consumers and recent research suggest that religion and spirituality is an important ingredient to client well-being and aids the recovery process. These findings have encouraged an increased interest in the role of both religion and spirituality in mental health practice. This article examines the state of research in this area. It describes the most prominent debates and dilemmas surrounding professional practice in this emotionally charged area. It also offers some simple suggestions to guide clinicians until more fully developed practice guidelines emerge. The author suggests that if spirituality or religion is important to individual clients, practitioners should explore how it can be used in an effective way.
Chronic care, integrated care, and mental health: Moving the needle now
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, WAHLER Elizabeth A.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 15(6), 2017, pp.601-614.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Healthcare reform is currently a hot topic in the United States, and the Chronic Care Model has frequently been cited as the foundation of recent attempts to integrate mental health and physical health care. However, challenges exist to fully integrated care that have delayed adequately meeting the multiple needs of mental health service recipients. This article highlights multiple changes that can be incorporated into mental health care now, derived from the Chronic Care Model, to better meet clients’ physical and mental health needs. These changes include focusing on population-level data and incorporating technology and multidisciplinary teams in treatment and prevention efforts. (Publisher abstract)
Community-based mental health services: is coercion necessary?
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, CARPENTER Jenneth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 9(2-3), April 2010, pp.148-167.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Policy makers and service providers are guided by two potentially conflicting principles when dealing with vulnerable populations: fiscal responsibility and quality care. In community mental health, limitation of service recipient choice and freedom takes place through mechanisms ranging from subtle to blatant. The justification of coercion in these settings typically focuses on recipient deficits. The article examines coercion and how it relates to practice. It examines recipient’s views of coercion, and the problems in justifying this approach. It explores the prevalence of coercion, and its relationship to violence. The authors argue that this focus must shift to the service system itself, and that the most successful efforts to improve recipient engagement will be those that support respectful provider-recipient relationships and the delivery of services that help recipients achieve goals of their choosing. The authors end with a description of possible alternate practices.
Moral wounds and moral repair: the dilemmas of spirituality and culturally sensitive practice
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, STARNINO Vincent R.
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 100(2), 2019, pp.139-150.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
As our understanding of trauma is expanding, greater consideration is being given to factors such as moral injury and spirituality. Moral injury appears to be especially pertinent in the case of war-related trauma, as one may not only be the victim of, or witness to, troubling events but also be the perpetrator of acts that run counter to personal values. For some, moral beliefs and values and key elements of the assumptive world are intertwined with spiritual and religious matters. This article discusses moral injury and repair in the context of spiritually and culturally sensitive practice. Strategies for addressing issues such as moral anguish, loss of meaning, identity disturbance, guilt and shame, forgiveness, and spiritual struggle are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Spirit lifting: hope and recovery in case management practice
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, FLOYD Destinee F.
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 94(1), 2013, pp.38-44.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Case managers often play an important role in the recovery process for clients with severe mental health problems. This study investigated the views of case managers in two Midwestern states in the US regarding the clients they serve and their beliefs about the concept, process, and possibility of recovery from mental illness. Interviews from 50 mental health case managers were reviewed and rated on the basis of their perceived hopefulness about the prospects of recovery from mental illness. The study revealed that case managers held divergent views on the definition and likelihood of recovery. The authors concluded that practitioners may benefit from additional training and support to further develop their perspectives on recovery, which may also increase their hopefulness toward consumer outcomes. Implications for practice are discussed.
There's more than meets the eye: the nuances of case management
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, FLOYD Destinee F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 11(3), 2012, pp.184-196.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Case management is a vital aspect of community mental health services. Case managers are routinely tasked with helping their clients address their problems in living and other barriers that hamper their ability to thrive in the community. The aim of this exploratory study was to take a deeper look at the nuances of case management practice from the perspective of case managers. Interviews were conducted with 50 mental health case managers from 2 Midwestern states who work primarily with adults challenged by serious and persistent mental illness. The participants were asked to: describe the characteristics of the clients they serve; aspects of the job they like and dislike; and their beliefs about the concept, process, and possibility of recovery from mental illness. The nature of the professional relationship in case management is described from the perspective of these professionals, as well as the methods these informants identify as key to the helping process. It is argued that effective case management requires complex and nuanced professional skills that might go unrecognised and underappreciated in community mental health.
Putting social work values into action: use of the ecological perspective with older adults in the managed care arena
- Authors:
- GREENE Roberta R., SULLIVAN W. Patrick
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 43(3/4), 2004, pp.131-149.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article asserts that ecological principles should drive policy considerations as well as the structure and delivery of health care for older adults. It also argues that features of managed care can support ecologically sound geriatric practice that affirms the competence of older adults. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
The pleasures and pain of mental health case management
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, KONDRAT David C., FLOYD Destinee F.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 13(4), 2015, pp.349-364.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Among mental health case managers, burnout is rife and turnover rates are high, resulting in significant costs to agencies and compromising service quality. This study examines sources of frustration and satisfaction among case managers and the potential impact of these factors on recruitment and retention rates. In this exploratory study interviews were conducted with 40 mental health case managers who shared their observations on aspects of work that they enjoy and find least satisfying. The responses point to predictable sources of frustration such as paperwork, and productivity standards—while interactions with the recipients, outreach work, and the variety and flexibility in their jobs were sources of satisfaction. Results have implications for consumers of mental health services, front line workers, and organisational culture and practices. (Publisher abstract)
Walking a tightrope: case management services and outpatient commitment
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN W. Patrick, CARPENTER Jenneth, FLOYD Destinee F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 13(4), 2014, pp.350-363.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Effective case managers in community mental health are successful at forging a working alliance with recipients. This article explores one key aspect of case management practice, serving involuntary clients, specifically those on outpatient commitment orders. In 19 intensive interviews, a subset of a larger study, case managers shared their perceptions of the utility of outpatient commitment with a focus on how such orders impacted the professional relationship. We argue that the use of advance psychiatric directives and shared decision-making processes can reduce the need for coercive practice. (Publisher abstract)