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Autobiographical memory specificity in borderline personality disorder: associations with co-morbid depression and intellectual ability
- Authors:
- REID Tamar, STARTUP Mike
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(3), September 2010, pp.413-420.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Difficulties with the recall of specific autobiographical memories have been found to be associated with self-harm, depression, and trauma-related disorders. All of these problems occur at high rates in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aims of the present study were to clarify the relationship between BPD and overgeneral autobiographical memory by comparing memory specificity in BPD individuals, both with and without comorbid depression, to healthy controls; and to test whether differences between BPD individuals and healthy controls are mediated by differences in general intelligence and years of education. Patients were recruited from an out-patient programme specialising in the treatment of BPD. Twenty-two depressed and 9 non-depressed patients who met criteria for BPD were matched by age and gender with 29 healthy controls. All were assessed with the Autobiographical Memory Test and the National Adult Reading Test. The results showed no difference in memory specificity was found among people with BPD between those who had a comorbid diagnosis of major depression disorder and those who did not. Individuals with BPD were less specific than controls but the relationship between memory specificity and borderline diagnosis was largely mediated by group differences in IQ and education. The article concludes that differences in autobiographical specificity between patients with BPD and healthy controls may be due not to borderline disorder nor to current major depression but to differences in cognitive ability
The concurrent validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
- Authors:
- STARTUP Mike, JACKSON Mike C., BENDIX Sue
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(4), November 2002, pp.417-422.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Few studies of the validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) have been published and none has shown how GAF ratings are associated with concurrent ratings of symptoms and social functioning. This article provides such data. The GAF can be rated reliably after minimal training. It provides a valid summary of symptoms and social functioning among schizophrenic patients provided they are not assessed when suffering from acute psychotic episodes.