Search results for ‘Author:"schumacher julie a."’ Sort:
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Perceptual biases in social cognition as potential moderators of the relationship between alcohol and intimate partner violence: a review
- Authors:
- CLEMENTS Kahni, SCHUMACHER Julie A.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(5), September 2010, pp.357-368.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders are well-established risk factors for the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet, there is considerable debate over the functional role of alcohol in IPV. Psychopharmacological effects of alcohol intoxication may escalate the risk of violence directly by impairing cognitive function and facilitating aggressogenic processes by distorting perceptions of social cues and lowering inhibitions. Additionally, alcohol limits the capacity to attend to social cues and, in conflict situations, may thereby increase the salience of provocative cues. Importantly, research on stable personality characteristics of partner-violent men has identified social cognitive processing biases that may heighten the risk for IPV, especially during alcohol intoxication. This review examines social perceptual deficits as possible moderators of the effect of alcohol on IPV within the context of the multiple threshold model. Specifically, it examines maladaptive or deficient social perceptual processes that have been identified as risk factors for IPV and have also been implicated as moderators of the association between alcohol and general aggression: empathic accuracy, facial affect recognition, and anger/hostile attribution biases. The article concludes that IPV is most likely to emerge from a combination of moderating factors, such as aggressive cognitive sets and social information processing biases, in conjunction with other key risk factors, such as personality disorder features or alcohol use disorders.
Risk factors for male-to-female partner physical abuse
- Authors:
- SCHUMACHER Julie A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(2-3), March 2001, pp.281-352.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The authors review the risk and protective factors for male-to-female partner physical abuse and present effect sizes. Distinguishes among the various conventionalisation of physical aggression (e.g. men in court mandated abuse programmes, men identified through a single item on the CTS). Overall, however, several risk factors showed moderate to strong effect sizes. Perpetrator factors include SES, education, history of child sexual victimisation, exposure to parental physical and/or verbal aggression, violent adult models in childhood, non-family aggression by parent, elevated levels of state and trait anger and hostility; various personality disorders; various Axis 1 psychopathology, particularly depression, alcohol and drug abuse; deficits in spouse-specific assertiveness; and attitudes that condone abuse. Risk factors for women being victimised included less education, unemployment, and history of child emotional/verbal victimisation.
Preventing posttraumatic stress related to sexual assault through early intervention: a systematic review
- Authors:
- DWORKIN Emily R, SCHUMACHER Julie A.
- Journal article citation:
- Trauma Violence and Abuse, 19(4), 2018, pp.459-472.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Sexual assault survivors come into contact with a variety of community responders after assault, and these interactions may play an important role in mitigating distress. Given theoretical understandings of the importance of early experiences in the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS), early contact with formal systems (e.g., health care, criminal justice, social services) and informal responders (e.g., friends, family) might be particularly important in preventing PTS. However, the effectiveness of these early interventions is unclear. Understanding the key elements of early interventions, both formal and informal, that successfully prevent the development of PTS could help to improve community responses to sexual assault and ultimately promote survivor well-being. In this systematic review, we investigate the types of experiences with responders in the early aftermath of assault that are associated with PTS, the duration of effects on PTS, and the role of the timing of these responses in the development of PTS. Findings indicate that responder contact alone is not typically associated with significant differences in PTS, and there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the timing of seeking help is associated with PTS, but the quality of services provided and perceptions of interactions with certain responders appear to be associated with PTS. Although many effects were short-lived, interventions that were perceived positively may be associated with lower PTS up to a year postassault. These findings support the importance of offering best practice interventions that are perceived positively, rather than simply encouraging survivors to seek help. (Edited publisher abstract)
Domestic violence shelter residents' substance abuse treatment needs and options
- Authors:
- SCHUMACHER Julie A., HOLT Deobrah J.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(3), May 2012, pp.188-197.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The aim of this literature review is to explore the need for treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders for women using in domestic violence shelter services. Previous research has established an association between intimate partner aggression and alcohol and other substance use problems. The first goal of the review was to identify and synthesise the findings of studies in which alcohol and other substance use, problem use, or diagnoses in shelter residents was assessed. The studies reviewed suggest that as many as 22-72% of women accessing domestic violence shelters may have current or past problems with alcohol or other substances and may benefit from treatment. The second goal of the review was to provide an overview of the availability and limitations of options that are currently available to address domestic violence shelter residents' substance abuse treatment needs. The findings show that few domestic violence shelters currently offer substance abuse treatment. However, there is evidence to suggest that integrated interventions for substance abuse and domestic violence may benefit women with dual problems who access domestic violence shelters.
Cultivating community collaboration and community health through community gardens
- Authors:
- LANIER Jacqueline, SCHUMACHER Julie A., CALVERT Kerri
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Community Practice, 23(3/4), 2015, pp.492-507.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philapelphia, USA
It takes commitment, innovation, and action from various sectors of the community to champion changes that ultimately build healthy communities. This study sought to identify the perceived benefits of community gardens to organisations, garden volunteers, and populations served. Researchers explored how a local coalition assists organisations in using community gardens as a strategy to build social capital and foster community health and community collaborations. A mixed-method approach was utilised that included site-visits and a web-based postsurvey. The results support community gardens as a strategy to create sustainable positive change in the community by building social capital and fostering community health through collaboration. (Edited publisher abstract)
A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and partner violence perpetration among individuals with PTSD and alcohol dependence
- Authors:
- WATKINS Laura E., SCHUMACHER Julie A., COFFEY Scott F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(3), 2016, pp.305-314.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examines the link between emotion dysregulation and intimate partner violence (IPV) among 77 individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence. Participants were recruited from a residential substance abuse treatment programme as part of the eligibility screening for an institutional review board approved clinical trial examining the efficacy of an exposure-based intervention in individuals dually diagnosed with alcohol dependence and PTSD. Participants reported on PTSD symptoms, alcohol use disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and physical and verbal aggression in their intimate relationships during the past year. Findings demonstrated that difficulties with emotion regulation are associated with physical and verbal IPV perpetration in a clinical sample. Although facets of emotion regulation emerged as significant predictors of IPV in the models, alcohol and PTSD symptom severity did not emerge as predictors of IPV. These findings suggest targeted emotion regulation skills training could benefit substance abusers who engage in IPV and that emotion dysregulation might be an important target for future research aimed at understanding elevated rates of IPV perpetration in mental health samples. (Publisher abstract)
Risk factors for child neglect
- Authors:
- SCHUMACHER Julie A., SLEP Amy M. Smith, HEYMAN Richard E.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(2-3), March 2001, pp.231-254.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment in the US, yet it has received comparatively little research attention. This is no doubt in part due to difficulty defining and operationalising the construct of neglect. Despite these challenges, a small body of literature on the risk factors for child neglect has accumulated. This article reviews this literature, providing effect sizes when possible. Parental demographic, psychological and behavioural characteristics as well as child, family and neighbourhood factors are reviewed. Although few factors have been examined in more than one study, when taken together, the findings suggest that parental behavioural and psychological characteristics may have the largest relations to neglect, and that limited socioeconomic resources are the most constantly documented risk factor for neglect.
Risk factors for male-to-female partner psychological abuse
- Authors:
- SCHUMACHER Julie A., SLEP Amy M. Smith, HEYMAN Richard E.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(2/3), March 2001, pp.255-268.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The authors review the risk and protective factors for male-to-female partner psychological abuse. The conclusions that can be drawn from this review were limited by the small body of research. However, it does appear that partner psychological aggression/abuse may be more difficult to predict than partner physical aggression/abuse. Argues that first and foremost, definitional abuse must be resolved. Given that partner emotional abuse, unlike physical and sexual abuse, is typically conceptualised as requiring a pervasive pattern rather than a single salient action, reliable and valid assessment is exceedingly challenging. Second, once definitional issues are resolved, etiological and intervention issues can be developed and tested. This review indicates that men's personality traits and couple factors would be the most fruitful areas from which to start.
Development of a brief motivational enhancement intervention for intimate partner violence in alcohol treatment settings
- Authors:
- Julie A. Schumacher, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 20(2), February 2011, pp.103-127.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Previous research has shown that intimate partner violence (IPV) is often identified as a problem in the relationships of men seeking treatment for alcohol related problems. The two studies presented were a manual development study consisting of 13 men enrolled in a substance treatment programme, and a small pilot study of a 90-minute motivational enhancement style intervention to address intimate partner violence in 23 alcohol-treatment-seeking men. Feedback provided during manual development suggested that participants liked the intervention, reported behaviour change intentions, and found the feedback useful. Results from the pilot study suggest the intervention might be better than referral only in increasing short-term help-seeking and lead to enhancements in motivation and self-reported intimacy. Help-seeking and motivation findings were associated with large effect sizes. At both 3 and 6 month follow-up, both groups showed improvements in self-reported alcohol outcomes, anger, and verbal and physical aggression. The authors concluded that further research on this intervention was warranted.