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International justice: the United Nations, human rights and disability
- Author:
- PARKER Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, 22(1), April 2006, pp.63-78.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper explores the United Nations (UN) human rights system through the lens of disability. An analysis of two human rights instruments, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with a Disability, is undertaken with reference to three key areas that influence the participation of persons with a disability: non-discrimination, social security and employment. Examples are drawn from Australia to argue that a commitment to human rights is just one part of the steps needed to ameliorate the multiple discrimination and human rights violations that people with disabilities face. Nancy Fraser's theory of justice is utilized to illustrate how concurrent with rights, a commitment to the principle of social justice is needed to ensure persons with a disability are offered equality of opportunity in all socio-cultural and political-economic realms. The continued use of international instruments for disability is explored in the context of the “new welfare”, and the future role of disability within the UN human rights system is assessed with reference to the draft convention on disability.
Family ‘turning point’ experiences and the process of youth becoming homeless
- Authors:
- MAYOCK Paula, PARKER Sarah, MURPHY Andrew
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 26(3), 2021, pp.415-424.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The role of family environments, where conflict—ranging from disagreements between young people and their parent(s) or carers to home-based circumstances where violence and/or abuse is present—is well documented in research that has examined the causes and correlates of youth homelessness. However, far less attention has focused on how young people themselves frame and understand the significance of family ruptures. This paper examines the family ‘turning point’ experiences embedded in the life stories of homeless youth. The study, which was biographical and longitudinal, aimed to generate an in-depth understanding of the nature of homelessness, how it emerged and its impacts on the lives of young people. Conducted in Ireland, 40 youth aged 16–24 years were recruited at baseline, with all interviews commencing with an invitation to young people to tell their ‘life story’. Analysis of participants' life story narratives revealed three major family turning point experiences associated with parental absence and separation, bereavement and acute interruptions to family life. These turning points, the effects of which had a temporal character, reveal the rippling impact of family ruptures on the lives of young people who embarked on a path of leaving home and becoming homeless. The implications of the findings for enhancing engagement with the families of young people who experience homelessness are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social entrepreneurship as an employment pathway for people with disabilities: exploring political–economic and socio-cultural factors
- Authors:
- HARRIS Sarah Parker, RENKO Maija, CALDWELL Kate
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 29(8), 2014, pp.1275-1290.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The current economic climate demands more innovative approaches to increasing labour market participation for people with disabilities. Social entrepreneurship (SE) offers one alternative employment pathway. However, little is known about the broader factors influencing SE for people with disabilities. Using empirical data from focus groups comprised of social entrepreneurs with disabilities and interviews with key stakeholders working in the fields of policy, disability, and business, this research frames its analysis in the intersection of disability studies and entrepreneurship to explore which factors influence the potential for SE to provide equal participation opportunities for people with disabilities in the labour market. Findings suggest that further consideration of political–economic and socio-cultural factors is needed if we are to better understand the potential of SE for people with disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Parity of participation in liberal welfare states: human rights, neoliberalism, disability and employment
- Authors:
- HARRIS Sarah Parker, OWEN Randall, GOULD Robert
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 27(6), 2012, pp.823-836.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
People with disabilities in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom experience high unemployment rates. In a recent OECD high-level policy forum on Sickness, Disability and Work, the main policy message was the need for a culture of inclusion; with a dual focus on short-term active policy interventions and long-term structural reform. However, disability rights are hard to put into action because national disability policy focuses on neoliberalism. This paper examines the policies in liberal welfare states that encourage people receiving disability benefits to participate in the labour market. The first part of the article introduces human rights discourse, and applies it to workfare reforms in OECD countries, specifically liberal welfare states, in the context of neoliberal policy. It then provides 3 national examples, from the US, the UK and Australia, of active labour market policy interventions for transitioning people with disabilities from welfare to work. The policy examples are analysed in the context of human rights and neoliberalism. The paper explores to what extent new approaches to activation policies are facilitating parity of participation for people with disabilities and factors that prevent these policies from being more effective.