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The economic case for investing in the prevention of mental health conditions in the UK
- Authors:
- MCDAID David, PARK A-La
- Publisher:
- Mental Health Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 114
- Place of publication:
- London
This report provides an overview of the economic case for the prevention of mental health conditions. To do this, we first estimated the societal costs of living with mental health conditions in the UK in 2019 and then reviewed what is known about the cost-effectiveness of well-evidenced actions to prevent these mental health conditions. We have estimated the annual costs of mental health conditions in the UK to be almost £118 billion, with the majority of costs falling outside the health care sector, most notably through lost employment and informal care costs. We also found that including health and quality of life impacts associated with self-harm and suicide, much of which are linked with mental health conditions, would increase these costs to more than £125 billion per annum. The report demonstrates the success of initiatives such as parenting programmes, anti-bullying programmes, and workplace support. Not only are people supported to have good mental health, but there are significant cost savings. For example, one study found that for every £1 spent on parenting programmes, £9.30 could be saved in the long-term, through costs saved to the health, education and criminal justice sectors. Although the evidence base on cost-effectiveness of preventive actions is growing, UK and devolved administrations should support research to increase knowledge about cost-effective interventions. Specific knowledge gaps that can be explored include the impacts of structural interventions such as action on child poverty, as well as measures to reduce inequalities in access and uptake of cost-effective prevention initiatives. (Edited publisher abstract)
Side by Side evaluation: economic analysis
- Authors:
- MCDAID David, PARK A-La
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics and Political Science. Personal Social Services Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 47
- Place of publication:
- London
This report presents findings of the economic analysis of an evaluation of the Side by Side peer support programme, which aimed to increase the availability of peer support for people experiencing mental health problems. The report also summarises key conclusions from a literature review on the cost effectiveness of peer support and explores some of the uncertainties around both the effectiveness and costs of peer support by looking at specific scenarios using a decision modelling approach. Key findings from the literature review confirm that there is little information on the cost effectiveness of peer support in the published literature, most of which is not from a UK context. Analysis of experience in Side by Side suggests that it may have a favourable impact on future costs, with improvements in mean quality life scores compared to baseline. The results of the analysis suggest that peer support can be cost effective and in some cases potentially cost saving, depending on the costs of delivering peer support. Finally, it highlights the importance of capturing the full value of the time and resources volunteered in peer support and not just paid inputs. Potentially, the reciprocal contributions of all involved in peer support will also create valuable additional components of any local mental health system. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health and housing: potential economic benefits for improved transitions along the acute care pathway to support recovery for people with mental health needs
- Authors:
- MCDAID David, PARK A-La
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics. Personal Social Services Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 18
- Place of publication:
- London
This brief paper looks at some of potential economic benefits that may be realised through the inclusion of housing services as part of the acute care recovery pathway for people with mental health problems. The paper identifies some potential opportunities for freeing up resources from inpatient care which might then be used to invest in alternative community and residential support services that may be provided by or supported by housing organisations. The paper provides a brief background on the acute care pathway and possible areas where economic efficiencies can be made. It then looks briefly at some current trends in the provision of mental health services and their implications for further potential economic efficiencies. It then describes and quantifies some of the potential benefits of reduced use of specialist acute inpatient care services and identify potential opportunities for the housing sector. The report estimates that if all delayed discharges could be eliminated, with appropriate care for this time provided in other forms of supported accommodation net resources of more than £54 million might be freed up for alternative use within the mental health system. These resource savings would be greater if individuals are able to move to even more independent living arrangements. (Edited publisher abstract)
Reconnections: impact evaluation: final report
- Authors:
- MCDAID David, PARK A-La, FERNANDEZ Jose-Luis
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 43
- Place of publication:
- London
This report examines the impact of participation in Reconnections, a service that aims to reduce loneliness in older people in Worcestershire, on their use of health and social care services, as well as capturing qualitative insights into the experience of participating in Reconnections. Participation in Reconnections is associated with reductions in loneliness. While there is no control population in the analysis, these results might be viewed with cautious optimism as average levels of loneliness in broadly comparable cohorts of older people in the ELSA surveys have not changed substantively, although a small reduction in levels of severe loneliness has been seen in the most recent waves. The economic evaluation also supports the view that investing in measures to alleviate loneliness such as Reconnections may have short term positive impacts on some health service utilisation and overall health service costs. The analysis also suggests that individuals who were more lonely at baseline were significantly more likely to achieve loneliness remission post participation in Reconnections. We also gained insights on the experience of Reconnections from participants in this evaluation. Overwhelmingly experiences were positive, although some participants (both younger and older) felt that some services offered by some delivery partners did not match their interests and needs. Qualitative analysis also suggests that individuals are engaged in a range of social activities, and future evaluation could explore the extent to which Reconnections has been the catalyst for participation in these activities. Using data from Reconnections and other published literature, our return on investment model also suggests that in the mid-term (5 years) there is likely to be a positive return on investment from a societal perspective. Our estimate of benefits is likely to be conservative, as we have only modelled a small number of changes in incidence of poor health as a result of severe levels of loneliness. (Edited publisher abstract)
Making the case for investing in actions to prevent and/or tackle loneliness: a systematic review. A briefing paper
- Authors:
- MCDAID David, BAUER Annette, PARK A-La
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics. Personal Social Services Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 15
- Place of publication:
- London
Summarises findings from a systematic review on the available economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of loneliness interventions for older people. The review found mixed evidence for the cost effectiveness of befriending interventions and the benefits of participation in social activities, ranging from cost saving to cost ineffective interventions. Recent evidence identified suggests that signposting and navigation services have the potential to be cost effective, with a saving of up to £3 of health costs for every £1 invested. The paper also makes suggestions for strengthening the evidence based on the cost effectiveness of interventions to address loneliness. (Edited publisher abstract)
Economic evaluation of early intervention (EI) services: phase IV report
- Authors:
- McCRONE Paul, PARK A-La, KNAPP Martin
- Publisher:
- Personal Social Services Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 22p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Canterbury
Using a 2006 model adapted during 3 previous research phases, Phase IV focuses on the economic impacts of early intervention services (EI) on vocational and employment outcomes of people with mental health problems, including psychoses, in the UK. The report also covers long-term outcomes of EI and the impact on costs associated with suicide and murder. Four findings are discussed. Firstly, EI reduced NHS health care, and wages costs of employment lost to mental health problems, with employment rates of 36% and 27% attributed to those in EI and standard care (SC), respectively. Costs of homicide are low, say these authors, with annual costs per person at £6 for those in EI compared with £80 for SC. Thirdly, suicide is estimated to occur in 1.3% EI and 4% SC patients, equating to annual savings of £957 per person. Finally, long-term outcomes associated with EI are dependent on readmission rates following EI discharge. They equate to costs savings of £36,632 over 8 years if rates remain constant. If rates gradually or immediately converge expected savings dip to £27,029 and £17,427, respectively. The increased work and decreased homicides and suicides recorded here reinforce earlier work that EI is beneficial to the UK’s mental health.