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The effectiveness of creative bibliotherapy for internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors in children: a systematic review
- Authors:
- MONTGOMERY Paul, MAUNDERS Kathryn
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 2015, pp.37-47.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Introduction: This systematic review assesses the efficacy and effectiveness of creative bibliotherapy for the prevention and treatment of internalising and externalising behaviours, and the strengthening of prosocial behaviours in children (aged 5–6). Creative bibliotherapy is the guided reading of fiction and poetry relevant to therapeutic needs. Experiencing stories is hypothesized to act on the same mechanisms as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Method: An electronic search in seven major databases was conducted along with hand searches of key journals and bibliographies. Only randomised or cluster-randomised trials were included. Primary outcomes: internalising behaviour (e.g., anxiety and depression), externalising behaviour (e.g., aggression), and prosocial behaviour (e.g., behavioural intentions and attitudes towards others). Secondary outcomes: parent-child relationship, peer relationship, educational attainment and reading ability. Results: 9180 records were located after removing duplicates. 9134 were excluded prior to screening. Of the 46 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, eight met the inclusion criteria and 38 were excluded. Meta-analysis was inappropriate due to study heterogeneity. Overall results suggest that creative bibliotherapy has small to moderate effect for internalising behaviour, externalising behaviour, and prosocial behaviour. Conclusion: Further research is required to: 1) model the change processes taking place when children experience stories; 2) develop and pilot an intervention; 3) assess subgroup effects by gender, age, modality and literacy. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interventions to improve the economic self-sufficiency and well-being of resettled refugees: a systematic review
- Authors:
- OTT Eleanor, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Campbell Systematic Reviews, 11(1), 2015, pp.1-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This systematic review sought to identify and evaluate all available evidence as to whether interventions designed to improve the economic self-sufficiency and well-being of resettled refugees affect participants' labour force participation rate, employment rate, use of cash assistance, income, job retention, and quality of life. A total of 9,260 records were inspected, and 26 records summarising 23 unique studies were screened. No studies met the review's inclusion criteria. The review concluded that the available evidence was insufficient to determine if programmes affect the economic self-sufficiency and well-being of resettled refugees as no studies met the review's inclusion criteria. More research with rigorous designs, such as prospective, controlled studies, is needed to determine which interventions affect the economic self-sufficiency and well-being of resettled refugees. (Edited publisher abstract)
Psychological distress in refugee children: a systematic review
- Authors:
- BRONSTEIN Israel, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), March 2011, pp.44-56.
- Publisher:
- Springer US
Twenty-two studies reporting on a total sample of 3,003 refugee children in OECD countries, mainly the United Kingdom and the USA, were included in this review. High levels of psychological distress were found using a range of measures, only two of which were validated for use in this population. A number of significant variables were also identified. The analysis was limited by the small number of studies identified and inconsistent methods. The discussion focuses on the need for clearer definitions and concepts.
Can cognitive-behavioural therapy increase self-esteem among depressed adolescents? A systematic review
- Authors:
- TAYLOR Tatiana, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 29(7), 2007, pp.823-839.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This meta-analysis is based on only two small scale randomised controlled trials, selected from a total search result of 265 potentially relevant studies identified from a variety of databases. The findings of the two trials, and of two excluded studies, indicate that cognitive-behavioural therapy may be an effective method of increasing global and academic self-esteem among depressed adolescents, compared to wait list controls. However, the evidence base is tiny. More studies are needed, with further investigation of the long term effects of this therapeutic approach.
Implementation issues in functional family therapy: a narrative analysis of the evidence
- Authors:
- WEISMAN Clio Belle, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 30(4), 2020, pp.460-471.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This analysis of functional family therapy (FFT) studies examines whether their variable outcomes are attributable to implementation issues. Studies were identified firstly, by way of a recent overview, supplemented by an update of a highly sensitive search including 15 databases, 10 websites, all existing relevant reviews, gray literature as well as contacting experts in the field. Updated searches were conducted in August 2018 and were analyzed according to the Oxford Implementation Index and an assessment of supervision quality. In total, the search yielded 150 records; 48 full texts were retrieved of which 32 were excluded leaving 16 studies containing 5,320 unique participants included for analysis. There was no evidence of reported harm. Improved training and supervision were associated with better core outcomes. Although there was no apparent dose relationship, it appears that implementation issues are important and also that class and ethnicity were identified for areas of further study. (Edited publisher abstract)
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) for behavior disordered youth aged 10–18: an overview of reviews
- Authors:
- WEISMAN Clio Belle, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 29(3), 2019, p.333–346.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Purpose: This overview of reviews analyses the existing evidence base of functional family therapy (FFT), which is a manualized, family-based intervention for youth with behavioural problems and their families. FFT has been implemented among youth aged 10–18 at risk of, or presenting with, behavioural problems such as delinquency, violence, substance abuse, sexual perpetration, and truancy. Method: A multipronged search was conducted across 15 databases, 10 websites, and expert contacts in February 2018. Results: The search yielded 159 hits of which 31 were included and critically appraised. Included reviews were published between 1986 and 2018 and the number of included studies ranged from 1 to 18 (including 20–5,344 participants). Main effects of the intervention on core outcomes (recidivism and substance abuse) were modest and out-of-home placement was not reported. Secondary outcomes were also modest but generally positive. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that overall quality of reviews is low, which makes any certainties about FFT inconclusive; this overview provides a concise, valid, and methodologically sound synthesis of the research into FFT, which requires more rigorous investigation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Does sector matter for the quality of care services? A secondary analysis of social care services regulated by the Care Inspectorate in Scotland
- Authors:
- BACH-MORTENSEN A.M, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 9(2), 2019, p.e022975. Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Objectives Social services are increasingly commissioned to third and for-profit sector providers, but little is known about whether and how these changes influence quality indicators. We assessed quality-related outcomes across for-profit, public and third sector organisations delivering social care services. Design A secondary analysis was conducted on publically available data collected by the independent regulator of social care organisations in Scotland. All outcomes are reported as predicted probabilities derived from multivariate logistic regression coefficients. Generalised ordered logit models are utilised for the quality domains and the risk assessment score and logistic regression for whether complaints or requirements were issued to organisations. Setting Organisations inspected by the Care Inspectorate in Scotland. Population 13 310 social care organisations (eg, nursing homes and day care organisations). Primary outcomes The quality and risk domains collected by the Care Inspectorate and complaints and requirements issued to organisations within the last 3 years. Results Controlling for multiple factors, we find that public and third sector providers performed consistently and statistically significantly better than for-profit organisations on most outcomes. For example, for-profit services were the most likely to be rated as high and medium risk (6.9% and 13.2%, respectively), and the least likely to be classified as low risk (79.9%). Public providers had the highest probability of being categorised as low risk (91.1%), and the lowest probability of having their services classified as medium (6.9%) and high risk (2%), followed by third sector providers (86%, 8.5% and 4.5%, respectively). Public providers performed better than third sector providers in some outcomes, but differences were relatively low and inconsistent. Conclusion Public and third sector providers were rated considerably higher than their for-profit counterparts on most observed outcomes. Regulators might use this information to consider how social care providers across sector are incentivised to manage their resources. (Edited publisher abstract)
Supporting people with dementia to walkabout safely outdoors: development of a structured model of assessment
- Authors:
- WHITE Eleanor Bantry, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 24(4), 2016, p.73–484.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with dementia while missing are at risk of harm including death. Yet, welfare concerns arise when freedom to walkabout outdoors is restricted and in particular, getting lost is a risk factor for admission to long-term care. Accurate methods of assessing the risks posed to community-dwelling people with dementia from getting lost are needed to ensure intervention is proportionate. Currently available assessment tools focus upon the identification of dementia-related changes in a person's walking behaviour, traditionally referred to as ‘wandering’. ‘Wandering’ and getting lost are conceptually distinct; measures of ‘wandering’ are not sufficient to support the assessment of risk while walking outdoors. The objective of this study was to develop an assessment schedule that can evaluate safety in community-dwelling people with dementia who walkabout outdoors. A structured assessment schedule was generated from research on the aetiology of getting lost, a review of existing assessment tools, an observational study of incidents of getting lost and qualitative data from families experiencing this issue. A content validity study was then undertaken with a panel of 17 health and social care practitioners and researchers in the field. A schedule of 7 domains and 38 items was generated, 33 of which were deemed valid by the expert panel. Panel feedback suggests the schedule needs to be used flexibly to reflect an individual's unique living circumstances. Reflecting the complex aetiology of getting lost, considerable challenges exist when assessing risk in this field. The implications of this study for practitioners are discussed with reference to the merits of narrative and structured models of assessment, and the balance between objective safety and subjective well-being that is required when making decisions about intervention. The direction of further research is examined as a means of supporting professional assessment of this complex issue. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia, walking outdoors and getting lost: incidence, risk factors and consequences from dementia-related police missing-person reports
- Authors:
- WHITE Eleanor Bantry, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 19(3), 2015, pp.224-230.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To estimate incidence, identify consequences and potential risk factors for harm in people with dementia who got lost in one UK policing region. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, data were extracted from missing-person records over a four-year period in one UK policing region (population of 2.1 million). Results: Two hundred and eighty-one incidents of getting lost were identified. Incidence of getting lost was estimated at 0.5% of the regional dementia population. Fifty-nine percent of reports came from domestic settings, 29% from care homes/hospitals, and 12% on excursions from home. Five percent (n = 15) sustained significant harm, including two deaths. Average age was 78 years. Harm was associated with older age, length of time missing, and season (9% winter, 2% summer). The length of time missing increased with delays in reporting to police, getting lost at night, driving themselves, and using public transport. Conclusion: Incidence in this study suggests getting lost is a low-frequency event for people with dementia but for a small minority, the risks are considerable. Exploratory analyses suggest individual and environmental factors increase the risk of harm. Suitable methods need to be developed to replicate these findings in larger prospective samples. A focus on the predictors of harm may aid development of assessment protocols to ensure intervention is proportionate. (Edited publisher abstract)
A review of “wandering” instruments for people with dementia who get lost
- Authors:
- WHITE Eleanor Bantry, MONTGOMERY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 24(4), 2014, pp.400-413.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Objectives: This study evaluates measures of wandering behaviour for identifying people with dementia at risk of getting lost. Method: Drawing upon systematic review search strategies, the relevant literature was reviewed for wandering instruments using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The psychometric properties of these were evaluated with reference to establishing the risk of getting lost. Results: The search yielded 34 instruments. Of these, one wandering-specific measure and four measures of behavioural change in dementia met inclusion criteria. The ability of these to confidently evaluate the risk of getting lost remains uncertain. Conclusion: Further research is required to more fully evaluate the psychometric properties of the retrieved instruments. This process is made complex by difficulties in defining wandering and getting lost and methodologically, by the absence of a criterion reference. Methodological developments are required to enhance assessment-focused reviews in the psychosocial intervention field. (Edited publisher abstract)