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Coming home: a report on out-of-area placements and delayed discharge for people with learning disabilities and complex needs
- Author:
- MacDONALD Anne
- Publisher:
- Scotland. Scottish Government
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 71
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
This two-year project, commissioned by the Scottish Government, collected national data on people with learning disabilities who have additional complex needs, and who are either placed out-of-area, or are within hospital-based assessment and treatment units, classed as delayed discharge. It aimed to gather information on the issues and suggest support solutions and actions that could improve outcomes for people with learning difficulties who have been unable to receive appropriate support in their communities. The project found that there were 705 people out-of-area in Scotland from 30 HSCPs, Of the group, 79 were placed out of Scotland and 453 were identified as being placed out-of-area not through choice. Challenging behaviour, and the impact that challenging behaviour has on service breakdown or hospital admission was a key issue for people with learning disabilities and complex needs. This was partly due to a lack of coordinated responses. Key elements contributing to good support for people with learning disabilities and complex needs were identified as: person-centred approaches, environments which support communication, active support and full lives, positive behavioural support, suitable accommodation, skilled and motivated staff, and good management and practice leadership. The report makes recommendations for Integrated Health Authorities, Health and Social Care Partnerships and the Scottish Government. It calls for a transformational change approach, with all stakeholders working together to address the issue. (Edited publisher abstract)
Commentary on “Developing a logic model to guide evaluation of impact for learning disability projects: the case of the Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) Academy”
- Author:
- MacDONALD Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 23(3), 2018, pp.133-138.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on some of the issues raised in the paper “Developing a logic model to guide evaluation of impact for learning disability projects: the case of the Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) Academy”. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on the PBS literature and with reference to the Scott et al. paper, the use of a logic model as a framework for implementing PBS within social care organisations is described. Findings: A logic model may be a useful framework for the implementation of PBS within social care organisations and could be used to help organisations develop a strategic approach to whole-system implementation of PBS. Originality/value: This commentary adds to the discussion by considering the use of a logic model as a framework for implementing PBS within social care organisations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Variation in rates of inpatient admission and lengths of stay experienced by adults with learning disabilities in England
- Author:
- MacDONALD Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 22(4), 2017, pp.218-221.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary from a Scottish perspective on some of the issues raised in the paper “Variation in rates of inpatient admission and lengths of stay experienced by adults with learning disabilities in England”. Design/methodology/approach: The policy context in relation to people with learning disabilities in Scotland is reviewed, alongside an update about a current Scottish Government project focussed on understanding and addressing the issue of people with learning disabilities whose discharge from hospital is delayed. Findings: As regards to people with learning disabilities who are inpatients in hospitals in Scotland, there are similar themes in common with those in the paper by Elaine James and colleagues; however Scottish policy has developed differently from that in England in this area. Originality/value: This commentary adds to the discussion by contributing a Scottish perspective on issues and outlines work being done to address the need for people with learning disabilities and complex needs in Scotland to live within their local communities. (Publisher abstract)
The Mental Health Act 1983 - treatment, restraint and appeals to Mental Health Review Tribunals
- Author:
- MacDONALD Ann
- Journal article citation:
- Elders the Journal of Care and Practice, 4(2), May 1995, pp.41-47.
The second in a series of three articles on the application of the Mental Health Act 1983 looks at legal issues within the hospital, particularly issues relating to treatment, restraint and appeals to Mental Health Review Tribunals.
Time to care
- Authors:
- NELSON Sarah, MacDONALD Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, February 2010, pp.30-31.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Cairdeas is operated by Penumbra Respite Care, a major Scottish mental health charity, and offers residential respite care as planned breaks for people with a wide range of mental ill health. It gives them short supported breaks away from their home environment to help them over difficult times and to give carers a break. The service is like a guest house, but has skilled staff working on a 24-hour basis and provides social outings like going to the cinema. Yet, despite having only 8 beds and being able to offer 400 respite weeks a year for the whole of Scotland, Cairdeas is often under-used by local authorities, despite an apparent desperate need among carers of adults with mental health problems. The project director, Be Morris, argues that this is because respite is still seen as an add-on extra, that mental health carers are often hidden, and that these carers are missing out on assessments of their need. Statistics have shown that 40% of carers in Scotland have not had an overnight break in the last 2 years.
We can change it
- Authors:
- NELSON Sarah, MacDONALD Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, December 2007, pp.18-19.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The author outlines some of the key components of the Scottish Government's National Strategy for Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse.
An evaluation of staff training in positive behavioural support
- Authors:
- MacDONALD Anne, McGILL Peter, MURPHY Glynis
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(6), 2018, pp.1046-1061.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) has been shown to be effective in minimizing challenging behaviour and improving the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Training in PBS is an important factor in achieving good coverage in the use of PBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of training managers of social care services in PBS. Method: A year‐long training programme in PBS was delivered to 50 managers of community‐based services for people with challenging behaviour. Data were collected pre‐ and post‐training, and at six month follow‐up. A non‐randomized control group design was used. Results: Data demonstrated significant reduction in challenging behaviour. However, there was no change in quality of life for service users. Conclusion: Training in PBS can reduce challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities; demonstrating any impact of PBS training on quality of life remains a challenge. (Publisher abstract)
The use of multi-element behaviour support planning with a man with severe learning disabilities and challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- MacDONALD Anne, HUME Linda, McGILL Peter
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(4), December 2010, pp.280-285.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with learning disabilities who have challenging behaviour often experience poor quality of life and placement breakdown. This paper provides a case study example of successful intervention with an individual with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour, using a multi-element model of support, which helped him to reduce his challenging behaviour and provided him with an improved service and better quality of life. The multi-element model of support included functional assessment, behaviour support plans, and the use of the Periodic Service Review monitoring system. The outcomes of this intervention are presented and the possible implications considered. The research indicates the importance of people with learning disabilities who have challenging behaviour receiving behaviour support to enable them to live full lives in the community.
Reflections on the future of social work in Scotland
- Author:
- MacDONALD Mairi-Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 10(3), 2016, pp.276-278.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
The introduction of legislation relating to integration of health and social care public service reform and community empowerment has the potential to substantially shift the balance of power away from traditional providers of public services and traditional forms of government to the people of Scotland. This article considers the future of social work in Scotland. (Original abstract)
Managing risk: self-regulation among homeless youth
- Author:
- MacDONALD Sue-Ann
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 31(6), 2014, pp.497-520.
- Publisher:
- Springer
While homeless youth are characterised by their risky behaviours little is known about how they conceptualise and manage risk in their everyday lives. This article will flesh out one aspect of a doctoral study that explored homeless youth’s conceptualisations of risk, by unearthing their self-regulation practices. Deploying an ethnographic lens, 18 youth were followed over a 1–4 year period to capture their risk perception and practices as they unfolded. The findings question the relevancy of the prominence of expert discourses in theories of risk. The study’s empirical findings run counter to the thesis that expert systems predominate in practices of self-regulation. In contrast, practices of self-regulation were not so much in response to expert discourses or social norms but were balanced by personal experience, intuition, and situated knowledges. Results provide valuable insights into the interplay of lay and expert knowledges in the construction of risk among an identified risky and at-risk group. Lessons can also be drawn for clinical practice and the relevancy of the expert role that social workers play in the lives of homeless youth. (Edited publisher abstract)