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Assessing coping responses within specific faith traditions: suffering in silence, stress, and depressive symptoms among older Catholics
- Author:
- KRAUSE Neal
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 13(5), July 2010, pp.513-529.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This quantitative research study aimed to empirically evaluate coping behaviour evident among older (aged 66 years or more), Catholic Christians in the USA, namely that of ‘suffering in silence’ when faced with ongoing economic difficulties. How to identify the benefits of ‘suffering in silence’ and what those benefits are, specifically those that are health-related, are described using a review of published literature on predominantly American and Hispanic people. The author puts forward two hypotheses. The first suggests that older Catholics are more likely to exhibit ‘suffering in silence’ responses to poverty when compared with older Christians who are Protestant. The second claim is that some older people, who prefer to suffer-in-silence will have “the potentially deleterious effects of financial problems on depressive symptoms” offset due to their ‘suffering’ type of coping response. Six core measures of ‘suffering in silence’, ‘financial strain’, ‘depressed affect’, ‘somatic symptoms’, ‘frequency of church attendance’ and ‘frequency of private prayer’ were assessed along with demographic control measures such as age, sex, race and education. Complete baseline data from 2001, waves 2, 3, and 4 from 2004, 2007 and 2008, respectively, were analysed for between 595 and 596 older Caucasian men and women who identified themselves as Christians and were already taking part in an ongoing nationwide survey of older people and supported both hypotheses.
Lifetime trauma, emotional support, and life satisfaction among older adults
- Author:
- KRAUSE Neal
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 44(5), October 2004, pp.615-623.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among lifetime exposure to traumatic events, emotional support, and life satisfaction in three cohorts of older adults. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a nationwide sample of 1,518 older people in 2003. Approximately 500 elders were interviewed in each of the following age cohorts: Young–old (age 65–74), old–old (75–84), and oldest–old (85 and older). The findings suggest that exposure to lifetime trauma is associated with less life satisfaction in all three age cohorts. The data further reveal that emotional support offsets the effects of trauma on feelings of life satisfaction in the old-old and the oldest–old. The stress buffering properties of emotional support were especially evident in the oldest–old cohort. The findings underscore the need to develop interventions that help older people deal more effectively with lifetime trauma. Moreover, the results suggest that interventions providing emotional support may be especially helpful for the oldest–old.
Neighborhood deterioration, religious coping, and changes in health during late life
- Author:
- KRAUSE Neal
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 38(6), December 1998, pp.653-664.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Research indicates that older adults who reside in deteriorated neighbourhoods experience more physical health problems than elderly people who dwell in more favourable living environments. Examines whether the effects of run down neighbourhoods are reduced for older people who use religious coping responses. Data from a survey of elderly people in the USA suggests that the noxious impact of living in a dilapidated neighbourhood on changes in self-rated health over time is offset completely for older adults who rely heavily on religious coping strategies.
Financial strain, negative social interaction, and self-rated health: evidence from two United States nationwide longitudinal surveys
- Authors:
- KRAUSE Neal, NEWSOM Jason T., ROOK Karen S.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 28(7), October 2008, pp.1001-1023.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Three hypotheses concerning negative social interaction in later life were evaluated in this study. First, it was predicted that greater personal economic difficulty is associated with more frequent negative social interaction with social network members in general. Secondly, it was proposed that more frequent negative social interaction exacerbates the undesirable effect of personal financial strain on change in self-rated health during late life. Thirdly, an effort was made to see if some types of negative social interaction, but not others, accentuate the undesirable effects of personal economic problems on self-rated health. Data from two nationwide longitudinal surveys that were conducted in the United States revealed that greater personal financial difficulty is associated with more interpersonal conflict. The findings further indicate that the undesirable effects of personal economic difficulty on change in self-rated health are more pronounced at progressively higher levels of negative social interaction. Finally, the data suggest that one form of negative social interaction (not getting help when it is expected) is more likely to intensify the unwanted effects of personal financial strain on self-rated health than other types of negative social interaction.