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Direct payments are they all good news?
- Author:
- CLEMENTS Tim
- Journal article citation:
- Community Living, 10(2), October 1997, pp.8-10.
- Publisher:
- Hexagon Publishing
Offering people more control and choice in their lives is a compelling argument for direct payments. But is it all good news? This article suggests they could result in a re-alignment of power between disabled individuals and their support workers rather than a genuine political empowerment. And the savings envisaged may just be those resulting from a shift of financial and administrative burdens to families.
Ethical challenges in researching in group homes for people with severe learning difficulties: shifting the balance of power
- Authors:
- CLEMENT Tim, BIGBY Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 28(4), 2013, pp.486-499.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In order to open up debate about informed consent the authors present stories from group homes where staff have frustrated research efforts and marginalised the interests of people with severe learning difficulties. The authors problematise normative ethics and argue that in some circumstances the basic principle of informed consent should be waived for employees of human service organisations. It is argued that in such circumstances, researchers and an organisation’s senior managers can still act in a manner that is consistent with the broad aims of ethical regulation. The role of Research Ethics Committees are considered and it is suggested that in order to fully consider the conflicting interests of multiple stakeholders, the application of different ethical theories is required. A requirement for making balanced ethical judgements is to see outside the extant dominant view of ethical research standards and behaviour. (Edited publisher abstract)
Competencies of front-line managers in supported accommodation: issues for practice and future research
- Authors:
- CLEMENT Tim, BIGBY Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(2), June 2012, pp.131-140.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Department of Human Services in Victoria, Australia, manages over 500 group homes, including supported accommodation for people with intellectual disability. As part of a larger research project investigating outcomes in these group homes, this project used a list of 142 competencies for house supervisors or front-line managers in group homes (which had been identified in a research study in Minnesota) as a basis for reviewing what should be expected of the equivalent position in Victoria. The competency statements, adapted and reworded to reflect the local context and terminology, were used as the foundation for semi-structured interviews with a sample of 16 highly performing house supervisors and 5 senior managers which explored their perceptions about their roles. The article describes the analysis of the transcribed interviews, with examples from the interviews, and discusses the emergent findings. It highlights the importance of house supervisors' "orientations" (passion and dedication, stamina and flexibility, calmness, tolerance or liking for a degree of freedom, and perceptions of work-life balance).
The development and utility of a program theory: lessons from an evaluation of a reputed exemplary residential support service for adults with intellectual disability and severe challenging behaviour in Victoria, Australia
- Authors:
- CLEMENT Tim, BIGBY Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(6), November 2011, pp.554-565.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Demonstration programmes suggest that adults with severe challenging behaviour can achieve good ‘quality of life’ outcomes in small supported accommodation services. However, research indicates that this sub-group typically experience poorer outcomes and benefit less from contemporary policy goals compared with other adults with intellectual disability. This raises questions about the degree to which research has informed program design and implementation. This paper draws on data collected as part of an evaluation of Welcome Support Services, a medium-sized, residential, not for profit organisation with a reputation for exemplary service in Victoria Australia. These data were used to outline a program theory for supporting people with intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour. That is, the programme’s plan of operation, the logic that connects its activities to the intended outcomes and the rationale for why it does what it does. One particular aspect of the program theory, the practice framework, which details how support staff should interact with service-users, is illustrated through documentary, observational and interview data. The practice framework has five elements: active listening, active support, choice and control, plan of the day and positive language. The authors believe that this study demonstrates the utility of developing a program theory for human service organisations and underscores the value of practitioners being familiar with the findings of relevant, good-quality research.
Group homes for people with intellectual disabilities: encouraging inclusion and participation
- Authors:
- CLEMENT Tim, BIGBY Christine
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 285p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Group homes are the dominant form of residential accommodation for people with severe learning or intellectual disabilities. The authors suggest that while well-managed group homes can realise good outcomes for residents, many settings are underperforming. “Group home” has become a generic term but here the authors “rescue” it and define it as accommodation for between four and six people where extensive or pervasive paid staff support is provided to the residents, both in the home and when leaving it to use community based settings. This book seeks to highlight the key issues for both residents and staff, and offers practical suggestions for improving community living. Based on original empirical research and drawing on extensive field notes, it paints a picture of life in group homes today. The authors propose a framework for increasing community presence and participation, and consider the barriers to be overcome if progress is to be made in achieving these key goals. The notion of 'homeliness', the challenge of maintaining a balance between individual and group needs and the concept of practice leadership are all explored.
Breaking out of a distinct social space: reflections on supporting community participation for people with severe and profound intellectual disability
- Authors:
- CLEMENT Tim, BIGBY Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(3), May 2009, pp.264-275.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Typically people with intellectual disability have small, highly restricted social networks characterized by interactions with other people with intellectual disabilities, family members, and paid workers. The goal of 'inclusion' has been central to policies that have shaped services over the past 30 years. It is an ill defined concept with disagreement about its meaning, the problems it seeks to overcome and how it should be realized. Ethnographic and action research methods were used to support and collect data on the implementation of a programme, known as the Community Inclusion Framework, in a group home for five adults with severe intellectual disabilities in Victoria, Australia. A pattern of service delivery based on community presence rather than participation evolved and endured over 16 months. The findings show that most staff attached a different meaning to inclusion from that proposed in the Community Inclusion Framework, disagreed with the proposed meaning or felt these residents were too different for it to be meaningful. This suggests that priority will only be accorded to activities that lead to inclusion if staff are convinced of the veracity of this and given strong and consistent direction and support.