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The dynamics of ageing: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2002-15: wave 7
- Author:
- et al
- Editor:
- BANKS James
- Publisher:
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 295
- Place of publication:
- London
This report describes findings from the latest phase of data collection from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a multidisciplinary study of a large representative sample of men and women aged 50 and over living in England, conducted between June 2014 and May 2015. The longitudinal study began in 2002 and the sample is re-examined every two years. In wave 7, information was collected from 9,666 participants in ELSA, including 8,249 ‘core’ participants. The report is structured three chapters, covering: employment and labour market transitions at older ages in England; retirement, well-being, engagement and social status; socio-economic differences in healthy life expectancy and mortality. It also includes a detailed set of tables describing findings in the different domains included in ELSA, including demographics, income, pensions and wealth, social and cultural activity, cognitive function, physical and mental health, and biomarkers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Media reactions to the Panorama programme “Behind Closed Doors: Social Care Exposed” and care staff reflections on publicity of poor practice in the care sector
- Author:
- et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 18(5), 2016, pp.266-276.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of media reactions to the BBC Television Panorama programme, Behind Closed Doors’ and to set this in the context of interviews with care staff about their reflections on publicity about poor practice in the care sector. Design/methodology/approach: This paper reports on an analysis of media reactions to recent exposé of abuse in social care in England and data from an interview-based study of care workers. The interviews were analysed to consider the impact of such media reports on staff and to explore their views of action that might be need to be taken about care failings. Findings: There are mixed reactions to exposé of poor care on television and to the debates that precede and follow their broadcast. Debates occur in print and on television, but also in social media. The particular exposé of care home practices by the Panorama programme, Behind Closed Doors, led to debate in England about the potential role of covert cameras in care homes. The interviews revealed that while care staff are affected by scandals in the media about social care, they do not necessarily focus on themes that the media stories subsequently highlight. Overall some are disenchanted while others have ideas of what needs to change to improve practice. Care staff consider that there remain problems in raising concerns about practices and some staff feel unable to stay in workplaces where they have made complaints. Research limitations/implications: The care workers interviewed may not be representative of the sector and they may have wished to provide socially acceptable answers to the researchers. Practice was not observed. Practical implications: Local Safeguarding Adult Boards may wish to develop a communications strategy to deal with requests for reactions to media reports locally and nationally. Safeguarding practitioners may wish to prepare for increased referrals following media coverage of poor care in their areas. They may later be able to use media reports to discuss any local differences of interpretation over matters such as prosecutions for abuse. Trainers and educationalists may wish to clarify the importance given by care providers to raising concerns, the ways in which difficult conversations can be held, and the protections available to whistle-blowers or those raising concerns – with local examples to provide assurance that this is not mere rhetoric. Originality/value: Television reports of problems with social care attract wide media interest but the authors know very little about how care workers respond to depictions of their work and their occupational grouping. This paper links media and expert commentator reactions to television exposé with data acquired from interviews with those on the frontline of care. (Publisher abstract)
Learning into Practice Project (LiPP): project report
- Authors:
- ROSCOE Hannah, et al
- Publishers:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence, NSPCC
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 89
- Place of publication:
- London
This report is an internal evaluation of the Learning into Practice Project, aiming to describe the mechanisms developed and tested in the project, what has been learned about each mechanism, and the views of key stakeholders. The goal was to help local safeguarding children boards and SCR reviewers to improve the quality and use of Serious Case Reviews. To that end, four mechanisms were developed and tested: two for improving the quality of SCRs, and two for improving their use. The mechanisms for improving quality included a set of Quality Markers and a series of masterclasses. To improve use of SCRs a mechanism was developed for collating and producing accessible information on practice issues identified in SCRs, resulting in an overview map and range of briefings on inter-professional communication, and an alliance of national strategic and leadership bodies was established to consider and implement improvement work, from a national perspective. The document summarises the main messages from the project, suggesting how the work can be taken forward in the emerging new landscape through: a common framework for commissioning and conducting reviews; an adequately skilled workforce of reviewers; timely access to practical learning from all SCRs; and strategic infrastructure to support improvements in multi-agency safeguarding. Overall learning from the project suggests that to improve the quality and use of SCRs it is crucial to place SCRs in a wider organisational improvement framework and take a ‘whole system’ approach to improving SCRs and their impact (Edited publisher abstract)
Improving professionalism through reflection and discourse in communities of practice: the key situations in social work model and project
- Authors:
- STAEMPFLI Adi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 2016, pp.6-26.
- Publisher:
- Whiting and Birch
Professional social work under conditions of uncertainty and complexity requires integration of various forms of knowledge, practice and values and entails managing emotions skilfully to make ethical professional judgements. The article discusses these challenges for social work(ers) and introduces the key situation in social work model. It consists of a systematic reflection process of typical, reoccurring practice situations in communities of practice (CoPs). Situated knowledge, memorised in relation to situations is dominant and is more easily accessed in practice. Situational knowledge, co-produced in reflections on key situations, is documented and shared on a virtual platform. Therefore, the model offers a concept for situational knowledge management and for discursive examination in professional and scientific communities. In the #keysituation project a platform was constructed and 10 CoPs with 35 active members from practice and academia quality assure its content. Based on the literature nine design principles for CoPs are suggested. The authors describe how these were applied. Success and failure depends on balancing three constituent aspects of CoPs: domain, community and practice. The model offers a flexible approach to continuous professional development (CPD), which fosters a learning culture essential to overcome managerial, technocratic approaches so prevalent in social work organisations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Economic evaluation of a falls prevention exercise program among people With Parkinson's disease
- Authors:
- FARAG Inez, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Movement Disorders, 31(1), 2016, pp.53-61.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of a 6‐month minimally supervised exercise program for people with PD. Methods: An economic analysis was conducted alongside a randomized, controlled trial in which 231 people age 40 years and over with PD were randomized into a usual care control group or an exercise group. Cost‐effectiveness was estimated using incremental cost per fall prevented (using falls calendars) as the primary analysis and cost per extra person avoiding mobility deterioration (defined as an improvement or no change in the 12‐point Short Physical Performance Battery Score between baseline and 6 month). A cost‐utility analysis using the Short Form‐6D was also performed. Uncertainty was represented using cost‐effectiveness scatter plots and acceptability curves. Planned subgroup analyses for the low‐disease‐severity group were also undertaken. Results: All results are reported in Australian dollars ($A). The average cost of the intervention was $A1,010 per participant. Incremental cost‐effectiveness of the program relative to usual care was $A574 per fall prevented, $A9,570 per extra person avoiding mobility deterioration, and $A338,800 per quality‐adjusted life year gained. The intervention had an 80% probability of being cost‐effective, relative to the control, at a threshold of $A2,000 per fall prevented. Subgroup analyses for the low‐disease‐severity group indicate the program to be dominant, that is, less costly and more effective than usual care for all health outcomes. Conclusion: The exercise intervention appeared cost‐effective with regard to fall prevention in the whole sample and cost saving in the low disease severity group, when compared with usual care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Doncaster hospital discharge pathway study: final report
- Authors:
- BASHIR Nadia, et al
- Publisher:
- Sheffield Hallam University. Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 59
- Place of publication:
- Sheffield
An overview of the independent evaluation of the Doncaster Discharge Pathway and Associated Discharge Services, undertaken as part of a larger programme of evaluation of Better Care Fund activities. The evaluation follows clients' journeys from hospital discharge in order to track client and carer experience, impacts and outcomes. This report presents the main outputs from the evaluation, the detailed client case studies and client timelines which illustrate many of the key findings and themes to emerge from the study. The findings identify a range of factors relating to discharge care pathways that need to be considered in order to better meet the NICE guidance and improve client outcomes. These include: improving communication with clients to give them a better understanding of what is happening to them and the services they are receiving; family support and involvement clients and families in decisions about care; consideration of carers' needs and support for carers' wellbeing; practical and social support to help people (re)engage in social activities and tackle loneliness and social isolation; and respecting and individuals autonomy and ensuring person centred care. (Edited publisher abstract)
After FDAC: outcomes 5 years later. Final report
- Authors:
- HARWIN Judith, et al
- Publisher:
- Lancaster University
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 89
- Place of publication:
- Lancaster
The findings from a continuation study of outcomes of cases heard in the first Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) in England, a problem solving approach to care proceedings in cases where parental substance misuse. The report provides information on child and maternal outcomes at the end of the care proceedings using a larger number of FDAC cases than before and reports on outcomes up to five years after the end of proceedings. It also presents the longer term outcomes of non-reunified FDAC mothers and their children five years on. It builds on an earlier report in 2014. The study tracked a cohort of 240 cases (350 children) and compared the outcomes for the 140 FDAC mothers and their 201 children with those in the comparison group (100 mothers and 149 children). The study found that a significantly higher proportion of FDAC than comparison mothers had ceased to misuse by the end of proceedings; a significantly higher proportion of FDAC than comparison families were reunited or continued to live together at the end of proceedings; and a significantly higher proportion of FDAC than comparison mothers who had been reunited with their children at the end of proceedings were estimated to experience no disruption to family stability at 3 year follow up. The evidence from this study suggests that FDAC is more successful than ordinary services in minimising risk, keeping families together and helping parents to sustain substance misuse recovery. (Edited publisher abstract)
Young people who sexually harm peers in groups: a rapid evidence assessment of international literature
- Authors:
- LATCHFORD Lia, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Bedfordshire. International Centre
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 21
- Place of publication:
- Luton
Using a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) methodology, this review provides a critical overview of existing literature on young people who sexually harm peers in groups, group offending and group interventions. The review also identifies the gaps in existing research and considers how existing evidence could be applied to respond to young people who sexually harm peers in groups. The review covered English language research studies, reviews and policy documents published after 2001. The key findings found there was a limited evidence-base focused on young people who display harmful sexual behaviour within a group context; that group harmful sexual behaviour was found to peak during adolescence and decline into adulthood; and that peer influence, group pressure and group dynamics impact on young people who sexually harm. The literature did not identify existing interventions that work to respond to group harmful sexual behaviour. It concludes that there may be scope to adapt existing approaches, such as Multisystemic Therapy and detached youth work that work with young people in their own environments, to address group-based harmful sexual behaviour. (Edited publisher abstract)
Older care-home residents as collaborators or advisors in research: a systematic review
- Authors:
- BACKHOUSE Tamara, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 45(3), 2016, pp.337-345.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research can enhance its relevance. Older care-home residents are often not involved in research processes even when studies are care-home focused. To conduct a systematic review to find out to what extent and how older care-home residents have been involved in research as collaborators or advisors. A systematic literature search of 12 databases, covering the period from 1990 to September 2014 was conducted. A lateral search was also carried out. Standardised inclusion criteria were used and checked independently by two researchers. Nineteen reports and papers were identified relating to 11 different studies. Care-home residents had been involved in the research process in multiple ways. Two key themes were identified: (i) the differences in residents' involvement in small-scale and large-scale studies and (ii) the barriers to and facilitators of involvement. Small-scale studies involved residents as collaborators in participatory action research, whereas larger studies involved residents as consultants in advisory roles. There are multiple facilitators of and barriers to involving residents as PPI members. The reporting of PPI varies. While it is difficult to evaluate the impact of involving care-home residents on the research outcomes, impact has been demonstrated from more inclusive research processes with care-home residents. The review shows that older care-home residents can be successfully involved in the research process. (Edited publisher abstract)
Factors that influence decision making by 8-12 year olds in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a systematic review
- Authors:
- COX Annette, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research Policy and Planning, 31(3), 2016, pp.195-209.
- Publisher:
- Social Services Research Group
There is significant legal guidance and case law available to support clinicians in assessing whether young people aged over 13 years are able to make informed decisions about their own healthcare; however when working with children aged 8-12 years, the guidance is unclear. In order to assess whether 8-12 year olds are able to make decisions in their own healthcare, we first need to understand the factors that influence this process. A systematic literature review of five electronic databases (PsycINFO, EBSCO, Science Direct, Science Full Text, Web of Science All Databases) was conducted. The search identified 12 studies and one piece of government guidance. The studies were identified from a variety of health and social research journals. The six factors that were identified were: 1) consent, competence and capacity, 2) best interests, 3) communication, 4) risks and conflicts, 5) legal frameworks, and, 6) parental role. The review concludes that it is possible for some children 8-12 years of age to make decisions regarding their own healthcare. The necessary conditions are that age specific language is used through a variety of mediums which will include risks, benefits and options for the proposed interventions. Clinicians need to be skilled in the assessment of the child’s ability to make decisions and be effective communicators with a commitment to children’s involvement. Further research in both these areas is needed. (Edited publisher abstract)