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Rethinking the nature of community economies: some lessons from post-Soviet Ukraine
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS Colin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Development Journal, 47(2), April 2012, pp.216-231.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Throughout the social sciences, there is a widespread belief that capitalism has permeated into every crevice of daily life and that its ongoing encroachment is inevitable, inescapable and irreversible. This paper questions this by drawing attention to the diverse array of economic practices in everyday community economies. The paper starts by constructing a conceptual framework to map the multifarious economic practices used in everyday community economies. It then applies this taxonomy using a 2005-2006 survey conducted in post-Soviet Ukraine. The survey comprised 600 face-to-face interviews which investigating the economic practices used with regard to the last completed 25 common domestic tasks. Formal market labour was last used in just 13% of instances, and only 25% involved monetised exchange. The remaining 75% were conducted on non-monetised basis, with 71% undertaken as non-exchanged work. The analysis reveals that just as multifarious economic practices prevailed under state socialism, the same applies in societies in transition to capitalism, suggesting that there are alternative futures for community economies beyond market hegemony.
Life satisfaction among children in different family structures: a comparative study of 36 western Societies
- Authors:
- BJARNASON Thoroddur, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Society, 26(1), January 2012, pp.51-62.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children living in less fortunate economic circumstances can be expected to be less satisfied with life and the association between single parenthood and reduced life satisfaction may be partly due to economic hardship. This paper examines differences in life satisfaction among 184,496 children in different family structures in 36 western countries. Findings revealed that children living with both biological parents reported higher levels of life satisfaction than children living with a single parent or parent–step-parent. Children in joint physical custody reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction than their counterparts in other types of non-intact families. Difficulties in communicating with parents were strongly associated with less life satisfaction but did not mediate the relation between family structure and life satisfaction. Children in the Nordic countries characterised by strong welfare systems reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction in all living arrangements except in single father households. While such life events as divorce or single motherhood may be heavily stigmatised in some countries and certain segments within countries, they may well be relatively meaningless in other social contexts. This may be a major source of the considerable variation in life satisfaction among children in living with single mothers or step-parents in different countries.
Ukrainian adoptive families
- Authors:
- GROZA Victor, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Social Work, 53(1), January 2010, pp.19-31.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This is the first study of successful adoptive families in Ukraine; 365 adoptive families were surveyed about their experiences. This article describes child and family demographics as well as provides a discussion of the various issues encountered during the adoption process. Implications for policy, practice and future research are outlined.
The health and well-being of neglected, abused and exploited children: the Kyiv Street Children Project
- Authors:
- KERFOOT Michael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(1), January 2007, pp.27-37.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Reports on the backgrounds and physical and emotional well-being of street children using two street shelters in Kyiv, Ukraine. This study is important because personal accounts of street children may highlight individual or family factors that are associated with vulnerability for and risk of poor mental health, and these could have serious repercussions for the future. This study also poses a challenge to research because street children are a highly elusive population that services find hard to reach. Ninety-seven children were recruited and interviewed using a semi-structured, psychosocial interview schedule; psychopathology was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Seventy percent of street children scored for behavioural and emotional difficulties on the SDQ, and 74% scored for depression on the MFQ. Current health problems were reported by 78%, with 43% described as persistent or severe. Two thirds of the children in this sample were not homeless but had chosen life on the streets in preference to permanent residence with their families. Their “survival” history on the streets contributed to the development of three different profiles of vulnerability. High rates of physical and emotional problems in a population of street children, many of whom were still connected to their families, emphasize the importance of developing different approaches for children with different vulnerabilities. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of embedding on-going field research into the service dimension of “front-line” social care agencies.
Cross-national teaching and learning: implications for social work
- Authors:
- HANSON Meredith, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Education (The International Journal), 24(2), March 2005, pp.157-168.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper presents findings from an international project designed to help Ukrainian school-based practitioners enhance their capacity to assist families and children struggling with the long-term consequences of the 1986 Chornobyl nuclear power plant disaster. Post-training evaluation indicates that the teaching method was received well and that participants significantly improved knowledge and attitudes in such areas as understanding of substance abuse and the use of client-centered, strengths-based social work practice interventions.
Economic conditions, and the family and housing transitions of young adults in Russia and Ukraine
- Authors:
- ROBERTS Ken, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Youth Studies, 6(1), March 2003, pp.71-88.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article asks to what extent and in what ways are 'the reforms', and specifically the tougher labour market conditions and the creation of housing markets, responsible for the decline in marriage and fertility rates in the former Soviet Union? These questions are examined using evidence from surveys conducted during 1999 among a total of 1300 25-26 year olds in Moscow, Vladikavkaz and Dneipropetrovsk, and from four focus group sessions with a total of 25 young university graduates in Moscow and Dneipropetrovsk in 2002. It is shown, first, that the reforms have not made it more difficult for young couples to obtain their own places; second, that an inability to obtain their own places did not under communism, and still does not, lead to delays in marriage and parenthood; third, that the young people who are currently delaying marriage and parenthood are not those who are experiencing the greatest difficulties in the labour market; and fourth, that although the lifestyle costs of parenthood have become substantial, these costs will increase rather than diminish if and when the economies recover. The paper concludes that it is young adults' lifestyle options and choices--new options and choices in some cases--rather than economic and housing conditions per se, that are responsible for the fall in marriage and fertility rates.
Sharing knowledge and sills: learning from training school-based practitioners in Ukraine
- Authors:
- CHAZIN Robert, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 22(3/4), 2002, pp.89-101.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
School-based practitioners, including social workers in social service centers for youth, are responsible for helping Ukrainian families and children cope with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl power plant disaster. In this paper the authors describe the design and implementation of intensive training seminars for these practitioners.
"We fear the police and the police fear us": structural and individual barriers and facilitators to HIV medication adherence among injection drug users in Kiev, Ukraine
- Authors:
- MIMIAGA Matthew J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(11), November 2010, pp.1305-1313.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In May 2009, two semi-structured focus groups, each having 8 participants, were conducted with HIV infected, opioid addicted, injection drug users (IDUs) seeking treatment at the City AIDS Centre, Kiev, to explore barriers and facilitators to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence. The aim was to use this information to adapt and tailor to Ukrainian culture, an existing evidence-based intervention, Life Steps, for improving adherence to HAART. The average age of participants was 31.6 years, average time with HIV 5.7 years, average time on HAART 2.5 years, average time as IDU 14.6 years; 88% were on opioid substitution therapy. The most salient themes related to adherence barriers included: harassment and discrimination by police; opioid dependence; complexity of drug regimen; side effects; forgetting; co-occurring mental health problems; and HIV stigma. Facilitators of adherence included: cues for pill taking; support and reminders from family, significant other, and friends; opioid substitution therapy; and wanting improved health. Additional factors explored included knowledge about HAART, storage of medications, and IDU and sexual risk behaviours. Recommendations for adherence interventions include education, training, and use of identification cards to show police that medication is for HIV treatment not for abuse, and involvement of family members and other systems of support for HIV treatment.
Ukrainian women in the new economy
- Authors:
- YEGIDIS Bonnie I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Social Work, 48(2), March 2005, pp.213-222.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Ukraine has been independent since 1991. This study explored through a qualitative methodology how Ukrainian women perceived their lives had changed in the 1990s. It was found that women believed their families were barely able to subsist. They also believed that their lives were better under Soviet rule.