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Cross-national perspectives on aging and place: implications for age-friendly cities and communities
- Authors:
- WOOLRYCH Ryan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 62(1), 2022, pp.119-129.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and Objectives: The age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC) agenda has led to a range of policy initiatives aimed at supporting aging in place for older people. While there is case study evidence of how people age across urban contexts, there has been little research exploring cross-national understandings of age-friendly places among older people. The objective of this article is to identify the place experiences of older people living across cities and communities in India, Brazil, and the United Kingdom and to discuss implications for the AFCC agenda. Research Design and Methods: A total of 300 semistructured interviews were undertaken with older people across 9 cities and 27 communities in India, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis undertaken by each national team and then discussed and revised at collaborative workshops with researchers from each of the 3 country teams. Results: The data capture the ways in which place is constructed from the perspective of older people drawing upon social, community, and cultural dimensions of aging across diverse urban environments. We explore how older people negotiate place in the context of their everyday life and identify the relational and interconnected ways in which place attachment, belonging, and identity are constructed. Discussion and Implications: Age-friendly interventions need to attend to the changing physical, social and cultural dimensions of aging and place. Integrated place-making practices are required to support older people to age in the right place across rapidly transforming urban contexts globally. (Edited publisher abstract)
Playing remotely in times of crisis: a program to overcome social isolation
- Authors:
- BRANDAO Lenisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 37(1), 2022,
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: This study aims to examine the feasibility of an intergenerational remote intervention program designed to promote the wellbeing and social connection of vulnerable older adults, mainly people with aphasia and dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic in the south of Brazil. Undergraduate students were guided to lead weekly sessions of clowning, storytelling, dancing, and cooking-related activities for 3 months (from November/2020 to February/2021). Method: The mixed-method design of the study addresses the implementation and feasibility of the program. Data analysis considered both quantitative - number of individuals who accepted the invitation to participate, voluntary dropouts, attendance - and qualitative data - participative observation and thematic analysis of evaluative conversations. An inclusive group of 34 older adults with stroke-induced cognitive impairments, dementia and individuals without any neurological conditions enrolled in the program based on social and racial equity principles. Feasibility and acceptability were addressed in terms of recruitment, implementation, remote evaluation, delivery of remote intervention, adherence, and attendance. Activities and participants' perceptions are described. Results: The initial period of the program achieved 83.7% of adherence and sustainability for additional 3 months. Preliminary results suggest feasibility and acceptability, considering formal and informal support in digital inclusion. Participatory observations describe that the structure of sessions and activities were well received. The analysis of participants' perceptions detects the thematic saliency of feelings of social connection and a sense of having learned with the group. Conclusions: Preliminary results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of the program, pointing to its potential mental health benefits. (Edited publisher abstract)
Child maltreatment reports and Child Protection Service responses during COVID-19: knowledge exchange among Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Israel, and South Africa
- Authors:
- KATZ Ilan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 116, 2021, p.105078.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic impacting child protection services (CPSs) in many countries. With quarantine and social distancing restrictions, school closures, and recreational venues suspended or providing reduced access, the social safety net for violence prevention has been disrupted significantly. Impacts include the concerns of underreporting and increased risk of child abuse and neglect, as well as challenges in operating CPSs and keeping their workforce safe. Objective: The current discussion paper explored the impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment reports and CPS responses by comparing countries using available population data. Method: Information was gathered from researchers in eight countries, including contextual information about the country’s demographics and economic situation, key elements of the CPS, and the CPS response to COVID-19. Where available, information about other factors affecting children was also collected. These data informed a discussion about between-country similarities and differences. Results: COVID-19 had significant impact on the operation of every CPS, whether in high- income or low-income countries. Most systems encountered some degree of service disruption or change. Risk factors for children appeared to increase while there were often substantial deficits in CPS responses, and in most countries there was at a temporary decrease in CM reports despite the increased risks to children. Conclusions: The initial data presented and discussed among the international teams pointed to the way COVID-19 has hampered CPS responses and the protection of children more generally in most jurisdictions, highlighting that children appear to have been at greater risk for maltreatment during COVID-19. (Edited publisher abstract)
How Brazilian therapeutic communities are facing COVID-19?
- Authors:
- KURLANDER Pablo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 42(1), 2021, pp.59-67.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper aims to reflect upon the findings of a fast-track study carried out in April 2020, by the Brazilian Federation of Therapeutic Communities, focused on the impact of the first measures taken by the Brazilian therapeutic communities (TCs) in response to COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: An electronic survey was disseminated to TCs in the different regions of Brazil through online platforms. A total of 144 TCs responses were used in the final analysis. The survey collected the following information: suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 (only one case of COVID-19 was confirmed), changes in treatment protocols, the impact in admissions and daily activities and the safety measures adopted to stop or reduce the transmission between residents, families and staff. Findings: The survey successfully collected general data regarding interruptions (82.6% of TCs interrupted admissions, 100% of TCs interrupted volunteer’s activities, 94% of TCs interrupted family visits and 93% of TCs interrupted external activities). Research limitations/implications: The caveat of this study is the fact that there were tight deadlines for the TCs to generate their responses and the limited availability of staff to answer long surveys. Because of this, the study could not explore other important qualitative data. The results were shared in Brazil and Latin America with the staff of TCs, the national Federations of Therapeutic Communities and government agencies linked with them, in all Latin America. Originality/value: This research aims to contribute to the adoption of developed prophylaxis and prevention protocols in response to COVID-19. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recommendations in covid-19 times: a view for home care
- Authors:
- TONIN Luana, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Brazilian Journal of Nursing (Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem), 73(suppl 2), 2020,
- Publisher:
- Brazilian Nursing Association
- Place of publication:
- Brazil
Objective: To suggest recommendations for the practice of Home Nursing in the context of COVID-19. Method: Reflective study, originated from readings associated with the theme, available in current guidelines from the Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health. Results: Recommendations were developed from current scientific evidence for prevention of infections, control of epidemics and pandemics in the Brazilian home scenario. Final considerations: the reflections achieved contribute to guiding actions for better assistance to the patient, family caregivers and the community in the perspective of safe home care with COVID-19, and it is characterized as an introductory discussion on the theme, encouraging new studies to be carried out from the unfolding of the current scenario. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interprofessional training on resilience-building for children who experience trauma: stakeholders’ views from six low- and middle-income countries
- Authors:
- VOSTANIS Panos, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interprofessional Care, 33(2), 2019, pp.143-152.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Children exposed to multiple adversities are at high risk of developing complex mental health and related problems, which are more likely to be met through integrated interprofessional working. Combining the expertise of different practitioners for interprofessional care is especially pertinent in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in the absence of specialist resources. The aim of this study was to work with practitioners who deliver care to vulnerable children in six LMIC (Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Brazil) to understand their perspectives on the content of an interprofessional training programme in building resilience for these children. Seventeen participants from different professional backgrounds, who were in contact with vulnerable children were interviewed. A thematic analytic framework was used. Four themes were identified, which were the benefits of a tiered approach to training, challenges and limitations, perceived impact, and recommendations for future training. The findings indicate the importance of co-ordinated policy, service, and training development in an interprofessional context to maximize resources; the need for cultural adaptation of skilled-based training and interventions; and the usefulness of new technologies to enhance accessibility and reduce costs in LMIC. (Publisher abstract)
Abandonment of assistive products: assessing abandonment levels and factors that impact on it
- Authors:
- SUGAWARA Andre T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 13(7), 2018, pp.716-723.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Purpose:To investigate the levels and factors that influence the abandonment of assistive products by users of a local reference rehabilitation center. Methods: This observational study involved users who received services and assistive products provided by our center of rehabilitation. Users were identified using the records of the center and their responses about the abandonment were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: The abandonment level of assistive products was 19.38%. 83.5% of the users use at least one of the assistive products they have received. Rigid and folding frame wheelchairs, with and without postural support devices, as well as shower wheelchairs, presented the lowest abandonment levels, followed by canes and lower limb orthoses. Upper limb orthoses, Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis(KAFO), walkers, crutches and lower and upper limb prostheses all presented higher abandonment levels. Conclusion: The simultaneous use of mutiple assistive products, users perception on the importance of using them, and completing the rehabilitation treatment were found to impact on the short and long-term use of products. The study offers inputs to decision making and planning for assistive technology provision in developing countries with regard to expected demand and service delivery. (Edited publisher abstract)
Young‐onset Alzheimer dementia: a comparison of Brazilian and Norwegian carers' experiences and needs for assistance
- Authors:
- DOURADO M.C.N., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(6), 2018, pp.824-831.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: Few studies have examined the needs of persons with young-onset AD (YO-AD) and their families, and cross-cultural research on the topic is even scarcer. This study Investigates the situations, experiences and needs for assistance of carers of persons with YO-AD in Brazil and Norway. Methods: As part of the qualitative study, the research used a convenience sample of Brazilian (n = 9; 7 women) and Norwegian carers (n = 11; 6 women) in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and analysed data in light of a modified version of grounded theory. Results: Carers' narratives from both countries revealed five common themes in terms of how YO-AD affected carers' psychological and emotional well-being, physical well-being, professional and financial well-being, social lives and need for support services. Conclusions: The infrequent differences between carers of persons with YO-AD in Brazil and Norway indicate that carers' problems are highly similar regardless of cultural differences and public services provided. (Edited publisher abstract)
Alcohol may not cause partner violence but it seems to make it worse: a cross national comparison of the relationship between alcohol and severity of partner violence
- Authors:
- GRAHAM Kathryn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(8), May 2011, pp.1503-1523.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Alcohol is often related to more severe aggression and domestic violence. This is of particular concern to modern health officials. This study investigated whether severity of physical partner aggression is associated with alcohol at the time of the incident, and whether the relationship between drinking and aggression severity is the same for men and women and across different countries. Surveys were conducted in 13 countries as part of the GENACIS collaboration, and included 19,767 females and 14,634 males aged 18 to 65 years. Respondents described the most physically aggressive act done to them by a partner in the past 2 years, rated the severity of aggression on a scale of 1 to 10, and reported whether either partner had been drinking when the incident occurred. Findings revealed that severity ratings were significantly higher when one or both partners had been drinking. The relationship did not differ significantly for men and women or by country. In conclusion, alcohol consumption serves to intensify domestic violence when it occurs – a pattern which holds true across diverse cultures.
Quality of life assessment in people with HIV: analysis of the WHOQOL-HIV syntax
- Authors:
- PEDROSO Bruno, et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(3), March 2010, pp.361-372.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The most important tool for assessing quality of life of individuals with HIV is the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) quality of life HIV/AIDS instrument (WHOQOL-HIV). This is derived from WHOQOL-100, the full version of the instrument. This study examined the syntax of the WHOQOL-HIV by comparing it with that of WHOQOL-100. An error in the syntax, relating to an improper inversion of a question, was found. As a result two new syntaxes for WHOQOL-HIV are proposed here, comprising a correction of errors found in the original syntax, and restructuring of the calculation of scores for WHOQOL-HIV, bringing it closer to WHOQOL-100. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software the proposed syntaxes were tested and compared to the syntax of the original WHOQOL-HIV. Data was derived from 120 Brazilian subjects including asymptomatic HIV carriers, symptomatic HIV carriers, and subjects with AIDS. The new syntax was found to eliminate the error. The authors conclude that the syntax of the WHOQOL-HIV differs significantly from the syntax of its precursor, the WHOQOL-100, presenting errors and inconsistencies. They recommend the use of the syntax proposed in this study.