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Residential mobility and outcome change in deprived areas: evidence from the New Deal for Communities programme
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 89p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The aim of the New Deal for Communities (NDC) Programme is to close the gaps between the 39 NDC areas and the rest of the country in the 5 key outcome areas of health, education, employment, community safety and housing and the environment. This report presents the findings of research which addresses relationships between residential mobility and neighbourhood change in NDC areas. The nature and extent of residential mobility in NDC areas, and its impact on outcome change, may have implications for the ability of NDCs to ‘narrow the gap’ with less deprived areas. The research has been carried out by the NDC national evaluation team using data from household surveys in NDC and comparator areas and evidence from 7 case studies: Bradford, Knowsley, Lambeth, Newham, Newcastle, Sheffield and Walsall. The findings indicate that NDCs with higher levels of mobility experience poorer place-based outcomes and less positive change in housing. There are also negative associations between higher levels of residential mobility and educational outcomes. Mobility in NDC areas is overwhelmingly associated with demographics, with younger age groups and those in private rented tenure most likely to move. Implications for neighbourhood renewal are discussed.
Area-based regeneration partnerships and the role of central government: the New Deal for Communities programme in England
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Policy and Politics, 38(2), April 2010, pp.235-251.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
This paper outlines results from the 1998 New Deal for Communities (NDC), an ambitious English area-based initiative designed to transform 39 deprived areas, over a ten year period, in relation to five outcomes: crime; education; health; unemployment; and housing and the physical environment. Recently published change data for 2002 to 2008 shows that while NDC areas continue to see positive change, there are only modest improvements against other benchmarks – notably similarly deprived comparator areas. The author concludes that regeneration has been complex, and the evolving relationships between NDC Partnerships and central government provides compelling evidence as to the nature of one particular ‘barrier set’ and its role in impeding local area-based regeneration. Dealing with new policy developments, discourses and institutional changed instigated by central government have proved the most persistent barrier to delivery in this area-based initiative. The author suggests that this relationship informs wider debates surrounding interpretations of the programme.
Women on incapacity benefits
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Sheffield Hallam University. Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 106p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Sheffield
Across Britain, the number of women of working age claiming incapacity benefits is now nearly 1.1 million, up from around 350,000 in the early 1980s. Incapacity claimants used to be characterised as predominantly male, but the number of women on incapacity benefits have been rising, and among the under-60s now almost equals the numbers of men. This report explains why the increase has occurred. The report also explains why the women on incapacity benefit are so heavily concentrated in almost exactly the same places as the men, in particular the older industrial areas. The research comprised 3 main strands: a comprehensive analysis of secondary data; a new survey of incapacity claimants; and in-depth interviews with 73 women claimants and 41 professional stakeholders such as Jobcentre Plus staff and GPs. The findings point to the need to promote regeneration in the areas where incapacity claimants are concentrated. They also point to the need for sustained interventions to assist the incapacity benefit claimants who express an interest in working again, including help with training, physical and mental rehabilitation, confidence building and financial advice. The findings do however bring into question the wisdom of extending compulsory labour market activation measures to most of these claimants, bearing in mind the very high levels of labour market detachment and the often formidable obstacles to reemployment.
Transformational change?: a synthesis of new evidence 2008-09: evidence from the New Deal for Communities programme
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 37p.
- Place of publication:
- London
In 2009, Communities and Local Government (CLG) produced a report which provides a synthesis of a range of evidence and analysis emerging from the evaluation of the New Deal for Communities (NDC) programme. The NDC programme is a ten-year area-based initiative aimed at closing the gap between 39 deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. The programme is designed to improve six measurable outcomes. Three are ‘place-based’ (crime, the community, and housing and the physical environment) while another three are ‘people-based’ (education, health and unemployment). The report investigates: evidence on programme-wide change from both cross-sectional household survey data and longitudinal panel data; key findings on change across the programmes six outcomes; factors which help understand and explain change and highlight links with policy issues relating to the future delivery of neighbourhood renewal.
Understanding and tackling worklessness: lessons and policy implications: evidence from the New Deal for Communities programme
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 20p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The New Deal for Communities (NDC) programme aims to reduce the gaps between 39 deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. This summary report relates to one of the NDC outcome areas, worklessness. It provides a synthesis of key messages emerging from the 2 volumes 'Understanding and tackling worklessness at the neighbourhood level' which explore in detail the strategies deployed by NDCs to tackle worklessness and the evidence of change and processes affecting change in relation to tackling worklessness. This summary report covers the following areas: worklessness and neighbourhood renewal; the NDC experience of tackling worklessness at the neighbourhood level; the success of NDC programmes in tackling worklessness; and emerging evidence and key policy considerations. It concludes that evidence does not as yet suggest that interventions supported by NDCs have collectively culminated in identifiable relative change for these 39 areas, and that the data does not support suggestions that intensive neighbourhood-level regeneration alone is likely to achieve the economic developments and worklessness objectives proposed in ‘Transforming Places’. Nevertheless, it is possible to use the NDC experience to inform wider policy debate.
Understanding and tackling worklessness volume 2: neighbourhood level problems, interventions and outcomes: evidence from the New Deal for Communities programme
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 144p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Tackling worklessness is one of the key objectives of the New Deal for Communities (NDC) Programme, an area based initiative aimed at reducing the gap between 39 deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country across six broad themes, crime, housing and environment, community, health, education and employment. This report is one of two designed to explore aspects of worklessness within the programme. Using evidence from six case studies in Bradford, Knowsley, Lambeth, Newcastle, Newham and Walsall, it examines issues surrounding the implementation of worklessness strategies at the neighbourhood level. Qualitative interviews were carried out with a wide range of stakeholders in mid 2008 (before the scale of economic recession became apparent). After setting the scene for the NDC programme and the scale and nature of the worklessness problem the authors address the issues under the following headings; tackling worklessness at the local level: strategies and interventions; working with partners, aligning strategies; tackling worklessness: outputs and outcomes; project beneficiaries: attitudes, aspirations and change; and NDC worklessness strategies and interventions: sustaining the benefits. The report ends by summarising the key lessons and suggesting policy implications. The researchers conclude that while the projects explored may be having positive effects on individuals or groups at neighbourhood levels, the effects are relatively insignificant when compared with trends in the labour market as a whole.
Understanding and tackling worklessness volume 1: worklessness, employment and enterprise: patterns and change: evidence from the New Deal for Communities programme
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 116p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
The New Deal for Communities (NDC) Programme’s primary purpose is to reduce the gaps between 39 deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. In each of the 39 areas, with a population of around 9,800, ND Partnerships are implementing a 10 year Delivery Plan supported by about £50m of Government investment. This report, one of two exploring aspects of worklessness within the programme, specifically looks at quantitative data in relation to worklessness, employment and economic activity across the programme as a whole. The evidence presented is based on administrative data on benefits claimants from 1999 to 2008 and household survey data for 2002 and 2006; a period of sustained national economic and employment growth. Worklessness data combines two key groups: Jobseekers Allowance and Incapacity Benefits. As at February 2008 the worklessness rate across all working age residents of the 39 NDC areas was 18.4%; about twice the national average for England. This does however mask considerable area variation. In addition to the data on employment, the report looks at, supply-side barriers, demands in the local economy, modelling worklessness, employment and change, and considers policy implications. The small changes in worklessness under the NDC Programme suggest that neighbourhood-based supply–side interventions are unlikely, of themselves, to raise levels of employment significantly. It is suggested that the focus within regeneration and worklessness should be on wider areas, such as local authority districts or even sub-regions.
New deal for communities: a synthesis of new programme wide evidence: 2006-07: NDC national evaluation phase 2
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 86p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report is the latest output from this 10 year evaluation of the New Deal for Communities Programme. It provides an overview of new 2006-07 evaluation evidence on how NDC areas are changing. The report reveals that NDC areas have made encouraging improvements on 'place-based' outcomes, such as satisfaction with the area, crime and fear of crime, but more slowly on 'people-based' outcomes, such as worklessess, education and health. The evidence also demonstrates that interventions focussed on tackling one aspect of an areas problems reap benefits across a range of others: as the housing and physical environment in an area improves, crime rates reduce; as the worklessness rate of an area decreases, health outcomes improve: a clear argument for a holistic approach to regeneration. The report emphasises that the NDC partnerships are a recognised and valuable source of experience in community-led renewal and the programme provides good learning for others responsible for implementing neighbourhood regeneration.
New deal for communities national evaluation: an overview of change data: 2006
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 37p.
- Place of publication:
- London
New Deal for Communities (NDC) evaluation of the England-wide scheme, which aims to empower residents to tackle crime, health, education, joblessness, housing and environmental issues, is the first since the programme launched in 1999. The report describes the difficult and fraught relationships within NDC partnerships, many of which were undermined by a shortage of skilled and experienced employees, or hampered by high staff turnover. There was misunderstanding about the idea of mainstreaming, while some public agencies were using NDC projects as an excuse to reduce their own services. 36 out of 39 partnerships had a majority of local residents on their boards. The costs of local engagement could be skills shortages, burn-out of key community players and huge demands on the time and resources of NDC employees and agencies. The report highlighted ‘considerable confusion’ over mainstreaming. Rather than taking over funding so that projects could continue when the ten-year scheme ended, some agencies were using NDC cash to reduce their existing commitments.